贝克的语法分析贯穿着韩礼德的语法精神，即认为“语言的结构用来体现人类的经验，并决定了人们观察事物的方式”（Hallday，1970：143）。对语言的结构进行分析比较研究，可以帮助译者进一步了解不同的语言对相同的事物的表达方式，从而可以译出合适的译文。

最直接表示人类群体的活动与经验的概念包括：时间、数、性、人称、距离、情境等。贝克调查后发现，在英语语言中，绝大多数选择都受到语法规则的限制，例如作者要用名词的时候必须考虑用单数还是复数（man/men，student/students，child/children）；但在东方语言如汉语和日语中，“数”属于词汇范畴而不是语法范畴，例如“我的书”或“中国的熊猫保护区”，究竟是“一本书”还是“多本书”，是“一个保护区”还是“多个保护区”，这些问题留给读者去调查了解了。

贝克当然不是为分析语法而分析语法，她是在力图说明这样的一个概念：“语法的选择是约定俗成的，而词的选择则是任意的。”（Baker 1992：84）这也许可以从某个方面说明东西方文化中的一些思维差异、社会制度的差异问题。

英语和其他语言语法之间另一个明显的差异是“语态”，在英语语言文化中，人们撰写科技文献或学术文章时喜欢用被动语态，以表示客观，或表示参与者不愿意或没必要出现；而有不少种语言，例如俄语、汉语和日语，主动语态比被动语态出现的频率要高得多，这可能跟这些语言的表达习惯有关，或许更深一层地说，是跟不同的民族思维方式、行为方式有关。

贝克对比研究了英语和俄语在学术文章（会议征文通知，见附文）中语态的使用问题。她发现，英语作者在写作此类语篇时偏向于大量使用被动语态以表示客观，同时也避免发通知者的出现；然而，俄语译者在处理此类英语语篇时，并非把被动语态原封不动地照搬，而是根据目标语（即俄语）的常规，把原文中的被动语态变为主动语态：

（注：原文为英语，译文是从俄语译文回译。）

原文：Papers are invited for the Euralex Third International Congress.

译文：We invite you to take part in the Third International Congress of Euralex.

原文：Papers are invited on all aspects of lexicography，theoretical and practical，diachronic and synchronic.

译文：We intend to pay particular attention to the following areas of lexicographical science...

原文：Abstracts（approximately 1，000 words）in any of the Congress languages，English，French，German or Russian，should be sentto...

译文：We ask for a short abstract of papers（up to 1，000 words or up to 100 lines） by 15 November 1987...

原文：Any other correspondence should be addressed to the Congress organizer，Ms.Judit Zigany.

译文：We ask you to send further correspondence to Chief Editor Judit Zigany.

原文：It isconfidently expected that a volume of collected papers from this Congresswillsubsequently be published by...

译文：The Press of the Academy of Sciences of the PRH intends to publish in the form of a collection all the academic material from the Congress...

附文:会议征文通知（Baker 1992:104）

CALL FOR PAPERS

Papers are invited for the

Euralex Third International Congress

4-9 September 1988

Budapest，Hungary.

Papers are invited on all aspects of lexicography， theoretical and practical，diachronic and synchronic.The main field of interest reflected in the Congress programme will be：

General（monolingual or bilingual），computational

Terminological and specialized transaltion(www.daowen.com)

Lexicography

Papers relating to the lesser-known language will be particularly welcome.

The format of the Congress will embrace plenary sessions，symposia，section meetings，workshop sessions，project reports and demonstrations of computational and other work； there will also be ample time for discussion.

Individual presentation should be timed to last20 minutes，with a discussion period to follow.

Abstracts（ approximately 1，000 words）in any of the Congress languages，English，French，

German or Russian，should be sentto the Lecture Programme Organizer，Dr.Tama Magay，at the

above address by 15 November 1987.A response will be sent before the end of February 1988.

Any other correspondence should be addressed to the Congress organizer，Ms.Judit Zigany.

It isconfidently expected that a volume of collected papers from this Congress will subsequently be published by Adkdemisai Kiado in Budapest....

Target text（back-translation from Russian）：

We invite you to take part in the

Third International Congress of Euralex

InBudapest（PRH）

4-9 September 1988

The overall these of the congresswill include all themost importantaspects of lexicography.We intend to pay particular attention to the following areas of lexicographical science：

General（monolingual or bilingual） Lexicography，

Computational Lexicography，

Terminological and specialized Lexicography.

We intend to discuss separately questions concerning the so-called “small”，i.e.less widespread and “big”，i.e.more widespread languages.

In the frames of the Congress we intend to hold plenary sessions，symposia，workshops，and also to discuss project reports.In addition there will be section meetings of the Congress an demonstrations ofthe use of computer technology in lexicography.

The envisaged length of individual papers is 20 minutes， not counting supplementary speeches and discussion.

We ask for a short abstract of papers（up to 1，000 words or up to 100 lines） by 15 November 1987，in any of the official languages of the Conference，i.e.Russian，English，French or German，to be sent at the above address to the chief coordinator of the Congress Judit Zigany or to the academic organizer of the congress Dr.Tamas Magay.We ask you to send further correspondence to Chief Editor Judit Zigany.

The Press of the Academy of Sciences of the PRH intends to publish in the form of a collection all the academic material from the Congress....（Baker 1992：105）