英语静态倾向和汉语动态倾向主要表现如下：

【原文】

Necessary Fictions

The most pathetic in Fredrich Dürrenmatt’s play The Visit is the Schoolmaster. The play tells the story of a town bribed by an enormously wealthy lady（the“visitor” of the title）to murder her former lover. That， at least，is the surface plot. The real plot is the reenactment by the townspeople of the archetypal ritual sacrifice that is the subject of Sir James Frazer’s study of primitive religion. The Golden bough，and that classical scholars such as Gilbert Murray and F. M. Cornford have found at the root of Greek tragedy. The play thus moves on two levels. On one， it is the story of a judicial murder for money，an indictment of materialism. On the other，it has nothing to do with motives in the conventional sense. It is a play about religious impulses that are independent of the ways people explain them.

Dürrenmatt’s Schoolmaster is a key figure because he represents the liberal and rational heritage of Western culture. He is“Headmaster of Guellen College，and lover of the noblest Muse.”He sponsors the town’s Youth Club and describes himself as “a humanist， a lover of the ancient Greeks， an admirer of plato.”He is a true believer in all those liberal and rational values that Western culture has inherited from antiquity.(www.daowen.com)

【译文】

必要的虚构

在弗里德利希·迪伦马特的剧作《老妇还乡》中，最可悲的人物是那位校长。该剧讲述了一座小城的居民被一位亿万富婆（即剧中的“老妇”）收买，害死其昔日情人的故事。这只是表面情节，而实际情节是通过小城居民重演了一段原型祭祀仪式。詹姆斯·弗雷泽爵士在其研究原始宗教的著作《金枝》一书中探讨过这一主题，吉尔伯特·默里、F.M.康福德等古典人文学者则发现，古希腊悲剧皆根植于此。该剧在两个层面上展开：一方面，它讲述了一个看似合法、实为有悖公理的图财害命的故事，抨击了物质享乐主义；另一个方面，它并不涉及通常所说的动机，而是表现了独立于人们解释方式之外而存在的宗教冲动。

迪伦马特笔下的校长是个关键人物，因为他代表了西方文化自由与理性的传统。作为“居伦学校的校长、最尊贵的缪斯女神的仰慕者”，他资助了该城的俱乐部，并自诩“崇尚人文主义、热爱古希腊人、仰慕柏拉图”。他对西方文化从远古承袭下来的所有自由和理性价值观笃信不已。