Our respect and memory to the Academician Tan Qixiang,the chief founder and pioneer of Chinese geography in historical periods①,and Wen Huanran, the founder and pioneer of animal geography in historical periods②

①谭其骧院士 中国历史学家、历史地理学家。字季龙，浙江嘉兴人。1911年2月25日（清宣统三年正月二十七）生于奉天（今辽宁沈阳），1992年8月28日病逝于上海。1930年毕业于上海暨南大学，1932年毕业于燕京大学研究院。1932年起任北平图书馆、辅仁大学、燕京大学、国立北京大学和国立清华大学兼任讲师，广州学海书院导师。1940年起任浙江大学副教授、教授。1950年起任复旦大学历史系教授、系主任、中国历史地理研究所所长。1980年当选为中国科学院地学部学部委员（院士）。曾任国务院学位委员会历史学科评议组成员、中国史学会常务理事、中国地理学会历史地理专业委员会副主任、上海市史学会副会长及代会长等。

作为中国历史地理学的主要奠基人，于1934年协助顾颉刚创办《禹贡》半月刊，筹备成立禹贡学会。长期从事中国史和中国历史地理的教学和研究，涉及历代疆域、政区、都市、水系、海陆变迁、人口、民族、文化、经济、历史地理古籍、地理学史、历史人物等各方面，主要论著收入《长水集》上、下册和《长水集续编》。他主持主编的《中国历史地图集》是迄今最权威的中国历史政区地图集，主编的《中华人民共和国国家历史地图集》（共3册，已出版第一册）是代表20世纪中国历史地理研究和历史地图编绘最高水准的历史地图集。还主编有《辞海·历史地理分册》、《中国自然地理·历史自然地理》、《中国历史大辞典·历史地理》等。

文焕然是谭其骧在浙江大学史地系指导的研究生，后在竺可桢指导和支持下从事历史时期动植物变迁研究。1982年《中华人民共和国国家历史地图集》开编，谭其骧邀文焕然任动物图组组长。文焕然抱病工作，不幸于1986年逝世。（此条由葛剑雄提供）

① Tan Qixiang, Academician as Chinese historian and Chinese Geographer in Historical Periods. Middle name is Jilong. Parents from Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing County. Born on February 25th, 1911（Qing Dynasty Xuantong third year, 27th of the first month）, in Fengtian City（now Shenyang City, Liaoning Province）. Died on August 28th, 1992 in Shanghai City. Graduated from Shanghai Jinan University on 1930 and graduated from the research Institute at Yanjing University on 1932. From 1930 to 1940, he worked in Beiping library, Fu Jen University, University of Yanjing, and as special instructor and lecturer at National Peking University and National Tsinghua University, advisor and instructor at Guangzhou Xuehai College. From 1940 to 1950, associate professor and professor at Zhejiang University. From 1950, professor at department of history at Fudan University, the director of the Department of History, and director of the Institute of Chinese geography in historical periods. Elected as the member（academician）of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. Was the consoler member for the national academic high degree reviewer for the history division, executive director of Chinese History Society, deputy Director of Geography in Historical Periods Committee of China Geography Society, Vice president and president of Shanghai History Institute, etc.

As the main founder of Chinese Geography in Historical Periods, cofounded with Gu Jiegang, the half-month journal YuGong, cofounded the YuGong Society in 1934. Contributed his whole life to the teaching and researching of Chinese history and Chinese Geography in Historical Periods. His research concentrated in the ancient history dynasties, involved the field on the country land territories, government, political, urban, river system, sea and land changes, on the population, national, cultural, economic, historical and geographical ancient books, geography in historical periods, historical figures and other aspects. His major publications included: the original two volumes Long Water, and Long Water: sequel. As the chief editor of the Historical Atlas of China, the atlas by far is the most authoritative historical political district atlas. As the chief editor of the Compiling Commission of National Atlases of the People’s Republic of China（total 3 volume, the first volume has been published） the atlas is by far the highest level historical atlas, representation of the 20 Century Chinese geography in historical periods research and historical atlas. His publication also includes as the editor-in-chief of Cihai（the China’s national encyclopedia）, section on geography in historical periods, Chinese History Dictionary, section on geography in historical periods.

Wen Huanran was Tan Qixiang’s graduate student in the Department Geography in Historical Periods of Zhejiang University, started the research in the animal and plant changes in the historical periods under the guidance and support of Zhu Kezhen. In 1982 Tan Qixiang invited Wen Huanran to be the group leader on the Animal Atlas of the Compiling Commission of National Atlases of the People’s Republic of China. Wen Huanran worked on the project for four years, even though his health already failed, and passed away on 1986.（This information is provided by Professor Ge Jianxiong）.

②文焕然研究员（1919—1986）是早期从事历史地理学研究的学者之一，第一位终身从事历史自然地理学研究者。

1947年，文焕然自浙江大学文学院史地研究所谭其骧教授研究生毕业后，即直接聘任为国立海疆学校（在福建晋江，是现福建师范大学前身之一）地理学副教授，曾代理教务主任及校长等职。1950年至1962年，在福建师范学院任副教授（该系当时无正教授），先后担任该校地理系“中国地理”教学组组长和“区域自然地理”教研部主任。1962年调北京，在中国科学院地理研究所任历史地理学科组（相当于研究室，据《中国科学院地理研究所所志：1940～1999》，科学出版社，2016）首任组长，最终为中国科学院、国家计划委员会地理研究所研究员。

从1940年代起，文焕然即以历史时期中国自然环境变迁为主要研究方向，涉及中国历史时期的气候、土壤、植物、动物、森林、竹林、生态和疫病等多个方面，尤其对中国历史植物地理学和历史动物地理学两分支学科的确立做出了开创性贡献，在气候变迁等研究领域也做出重要贡献，是我国首位长期系统从事历史环境变迁研究者。他还参加了《中国自然地理·历史自然地理》（主要撰稿人之一）与《中华人民共和国国家历史地图集》（负责历史动物地理图组）等编撰工作。

文焕然独著或为主的专著有：《秦汉时代黄河中下游气候研究》（商务印书馆，1959），是最早正式出版的气候变迁专著之一（国外多家图书馆仍见收藏）。此后，有《历史时期中国森林的分布及其变迁》[《云南林业调查规划》1980年专以“增刊”出版；《中国大百科全书·地理学·历史地理学》（中国大百科全书出版社，1990）明确提到：“中国学者在这一领域也进行了不少研究，如文焕然的《试论七八千年来中国森林的分布及其变迁》。”]、《中国自然地理·历史自然地理》（科学出版社，1982，是“第三章 历史时期的植被变迁”主要作者）、《中国自然保护地图集》（科学出版社，1989，承担《中国珍稀濒危动物分布图》中“中国犀牛历史变迁图”“中国扬子鳄历史变迁图”“中国亚洲象历史变迁图”）、《中国历史时期植物与动物变迁研究》（重庆出版社，1995初版，2006重印，2019再版）、《中国历史时期冬半年气候冷暖变迁》（遗稿，科学出版社，1996）、《中华人民共和国国家历史地图集》（第一册已由中国社会科学出版社、中国地图出版社2014年出版；担任动物图组组长，其工作部分待出版）等。

文焕然在长期的科研工作中能自觉地将自己的科研工作与国家的建设需要结合起来，注重科研与生产的结合，重视资料积累。因此，他完成的多项科研成果受到国家有关领导机关的重视与好评。学术专著先后获得中国科学院科技进步奖一等奖（1986）、西南西北地区优秀科技图书奖一等奖（1996）、中国科学院自然科学奖二等奖（1997）、郭沫若中国历史学奖二等奖（2002）、全国城市出版社优秀图书一等奖（2006）、入选新闻出版总署首届“三个一百”原创图书出版工程（2007）。

文焕然长期抱病坚持工作，奋力拼搏，开拓出新的研究领域，做出重要贡献。其学术水平、治学态度、拼搏精神皆为人们所称颂。

② Wen Huanran（1919-1986）, academic researcher, is one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of geography in historical periods, the first researcher contributed his life time to engage in natural geography in historical periods research.

Mr. Wen graduated in 1947, from the Department Geography in Historical Periods of Art College of Zhejiang University, graduate student of Professor Tan Qixiang. He worked as an associate professor of geography at the National Haijiang College（in Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, one of the predecessor of Fujian Normal University）after the graduation. Later as the acting academic director and principal in the college. From 1950 to 1962, associate professor at Fujian Normal University（there was no full professor at the time）, working as the teaching group leader on the China Geography at the Department of Geography, and Regional Natural Geography Director of Research Department. Moved to Beijing in 1962, as the team leader of the first geography in historical periods research group at the Institute of Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, later as the research scholar at the Geography Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Planning Committee.

Since 1940s, Mr. Wen contributed his whole life in the research field of China’s natural environment change in historical periods, which involves the climate, soil, plant, animal, forest, bamboo grove, ecology and plant diseases in China’s historical periods. Mr. Wen was the pioneer on the establishment of two field of research, plant geography in historical periods and animal geography in historical periods of China. He also made important contribution in the field of research at the climate changes in China’s historical periods. He was the first researcher contributed his whole life time in environmental in China’s historical periods research. Mr. Wen was involved in the national encyclopedia writing and editing as one of the main editor, including the atlas Historical Natural Geography of Natural Geography of China（one of the main contributors）and the Compiling Commission of National Atlases of the People’s Republic of China（responsible for the maps of animal geography in historical periods）. (www.daowen.com)

Mr. Wen Huanran’s major publications including: The Middle and Lower Part of the Yellow River in the Qin and Han Dynasties Climate Research ［（Commercial Press, 1959）, this book was one of the earliest official published climate change monograph（can be find in many foreign libraries）］. Other publications include: the Distribution and Change of Chinese Forests in the Historical Periods ［（Yunnan Forestry Investigation and Planning, 1980, Supplement）, Mr. Wen’s work was indicated in Geography of History of Geography of the Great Encyclopedia of China Book（China Encyclopedia Press, 1990）:“Chinese scholars in this field also carried out a lot of research, such as Wen HuanRan’s article, the Seven Thousand or Eight Thousand Years of Chinese Forest Distribution and Change］, other publications include Natural Geography in Historical Periods of China’s Natural Geography（Science Press, 1982; the third chapter Vegetation Changes in the Historical Period）, China Nature Conservation Atlas（Science Press, 1989; section of Chinese Rhino Historical Change Map, Chinese Alligator Historical Change Map and China’s Asian Elephant History Map in the book China’s Rare and Endangered Animals Distribution Map）, the Change of the Plant and Animal in China during Historical Period（Chongqing Press, 1995; Reprinted in 2006; Revised in 2019, and to: the Change of the Plant and Animal in China during Diffent Historical Period）, the Cold or Warm Change in Winter Half Year in China in the Historical Periods（Legacy; Science Press, 1996）, the Compiling Commission of National Atlases of the People’s Republic of China（the first book has been published by China Social Science Press, China Map Publishing House, 2014; As the group leader of the fauna, whose work part is to be published）.

In many years of research work, Wen Huanran consciously combine his scientific research work with the national needs, has tried all his efforts to promote the research to the production, has accumulated tremendous research materials and data. Many of his works have been rewarded by the national and state level organizations. The academic monograph received Science and Technology Progress Award of Chinese Academy of Sciences（1986）, North West and South West Region Outstanding Science and Technology Book Award（1996）, Natural Science Award of Chinese Academy of Sciences（1997）, Guo Moruo Chinese History Scholarship（2002）, National City Publishing House Excellent Books（2006）, the first Press and Publication Administration“Three 100”Original Book Publishing Project（2007）.

Mr. Wen Huanran continued his research while his health was falling, he tried his best struggling with the disease, and insisted to carry on his research, and continued making progress and contributions, even developed new areas of research, all those spiritual and hardworking effort, inspired all his coworkers and team members and all the people who knows him and worked with him.

郑度序^[1]

文榕生先生30年来，对我国历史时期典型珍稀野生动物的地理分布与变迁进行了艰苦探索，于2009年出版了《中国珍稀野生动物分布变迁》一书，2016年又完成了《中国珍稀野生动物分布变迁（续）》（即将出版）。

关于历史时期典型珍稀野生动物的地理分布与变迁的研究，我国有得天独厚的优越条件：首先是地域辽阔，自然环境复杂多样，动物种类繁多；其次是拥有研究历史动物地理必备的数量最多、内容丰富、涉及范围广且连续不断的文献。

《中国珍稀野生动物分布变迁地图集》（简称《地图集》）精选其研究成果，通过向地理制图专家请教与切磋，既融合历史动物地理学与地理制图学原理，又主要以地图的直观与浓缩形式，动态展示我国包括两栖纲、爬行纲、鸟纲和哺乳纲在内的56种珍稀野生动物的古今分布变化状况。

该《地图集》的原创性表现在对具体物种进行全面系统研究，数据较精确。主要以点图法标示经考证的野生动物的地理分布地点，兼顾查询和利用等方面的实际需求，精确到县、区、市；采用基本一致的时间分段，既贴近历史时期动物分布变迁的一般规律，又为后人的再研究提供更加便利的平台；采用色图，并不仅限于美观，而且更有利于显示各类生态环境的相互依存关系，使得地图 更直观，隐含更加丰富的信息。《地图集》选用一些物种的彩色图片，既真实、美观、准确，又便于读者直观辨识，了解该物种的特征、形态、生态、习性等信息。

该《地图集》具有较高的学术价值与应用前景，从事地理、生物、生态、环境、历史和社会等领域研究的师生及相关科研人员可参考应用。制图专家将采用最先进的绘图技术和设备，精益求精制作《地图集》，中英双语对照，使我国珍稀动物分布变迁的最新科研成果顺利走出国门。

喜闻《地图集》又获得国家出版基金资助，再次表明国家对历史自然地理学研究新成果的重视与支持，也可作为告慰文焕然老先生百年诞辰的一份厚礼。文氏父子70年来锲而不舍终于修成正果，值得称道。

2018年2月

【注释】

[1]郑度先生是著名自然地理学家，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员，中国科学院院士，曾任中国科学院地理研究所所长。