五笔字型的字根分配是比较有规律的,主要体现在以下几点。
1.与主要字根形态相近或渊源一致
我们知道,键名汉字是这个键位的键面上所有字根中最具有代表性的,即每条助记词的第一个字。25个键位每键都对应一个键名汉字,因此,五笔字型把与键名同义的字根(如:<I>键上的水、氵等)、形态相近的字根(如:<A>键上的艹、廾、廿等)、便于联想的字根(如:<B>键上的耳、卩、阝等)定义在同一个键位上,编码时使用同一个代码即同一个字母或区位码,见表2-4。
表2-4 形态相近的字根
注意
表2-4只列举出了部分形态相近的字根,读者可根据上述规矩自己总结记忆。
2.字根首笔笔画代号与区号一致,次笔笔画与位号一致
第一笔为横,次笔是横,在<G>键(编码11),如“戋”
次笔是竖,在<F>键(编码12),如“十”
次笔是撇,在<D>键(编码13),如“厂”
第一笔为竖,次笔是横,在<H>键(编码21),如“止”
次笔是折,在<M>键(编码25),如“贝”
第一笔为撇,次笔是横,在<T>键(编码31),如“竹”
次笔是竖,在<R>键(编码32),如“白”
次笔是捺,在<W>键(编码34),如“八”
次笔是折,在<Q>键(编码35),如“儿”
第一笔为捺,次笔是横,在<Y>键(编码41),如“广”
次笔是竖,在<U>键(编码42),如“门”
次笔是折,在<P>键(编码45),如“之”
第一笔为折,次笔是横,在<N>键(编码51),如“已”
次笔是竖,在<B>键(编码52),如“也”
次笔是撇,在<V>键(编码53),如“九”
次笔是捺,在<C>键(编码54),如“又”
次笔是折,在<X>键(编码55),如“纟”
3.字根的笔画数与位号一致
单笔画“一、丨、丿、、乙”都在第一位,两个单笔画的复合笔画如“二、〢、、冫、ㄍ”都是在第二位,3个单笔画复合起来的字根“三、川、彡、氵、巛”,其位号都是3,以此类推。它们的排列规律如图2-6所示。
图2-6 笔画排列规律
还有12个不符合上述3个规律的字根,需要另外记忆,它们是“(F)、镸(D)、西(S)、丁(S)、车(L)、力(L)、彳(T)、羽(N)、彐(V)、臼(V)、巴(C)、马(C)”。
4.框形字根的分布
方框L囗、上框B凵、下框M冂、左框N匚、右框A匚,如图2-7所示。
图2-7 所有方框规律图
5.常用的偏旁部首
五笔字型的字根中有许多是比较常用的偏旁部首。掌握这些偏旁部首也可加速对字根的记忆。常用偏旁部首与键位的对应关系见表2-5。
表2-5 常用偏旁部首与键位对应表
多背诵通常是记忆字根必走的途径。也许一开始不能完全理解助记词中每个字的含义,随着学习和日后的使用,就会自行理解了。
小技巧
如果死记硬背效果不太理想,读者可以试试下面的办法:
1)准备一本书或报纸。
2)准备笔和白纸。
3)再把五笔字型字根表放在旁边备用。
4)把书上的文字一个一个地按照五笔字根拆分规则写在白纸上(例:胡,D古E月),如果遇到记不住的就可以到字根表里查查。照上面这种格式拆上300~500个字,五笔的字根基本上就记住了。
5)记住当天一定不要上机练习。
上面这种方法就叫做逐渐记忆法,就好像一个老师接一个新班,刚开始他不可能一下记住所有学生的名字,但他可以先记一些后记一些,最后就可以全记住了。
温故&知新
内容回顾
今天我们讲述了五笔字型输入法最基础的一些理论知识、五笔字型的键盘设计和记忆字根的一些实践知识。现在就来温习一下今天所学的内容!
1.五笔字型输入法的编码基础
在这一部分内容里,我们分别从汉字的层次、汉字的笔画和汉字的字型3个方面讲述了有关五笔字型输入法编码的一些基础知识,明白了五笔字型编码是依据汉字结构进行的。
汉字的层次只做了解即可,汉字的笔画与汉字的字型需要好好地理解一下,这对下一天所要讲到的汉字的拆分有很大的帮助。
2.五笔字型字根及键盘布局
五笔字型的字根是构成汉字的灵魂。在这一部分内容里,我们讲述了什么是字根、字根间的结构关系,以及字根的键盘分布。
这部分内容是为拆分汉字、输入汉字打基础的,不能正确地掌握字根及相关内容就无法正确地进行汉字输入。所以,应该重点学习这部分内容。
3.五笔字型字根的快速记忆
我们介绍了助记词分区记忆法和总结规律记忆法两种字根的快速记忆方法,可帮助读者提高记忆字根的速度,这部分内容可结合实践进行学习。
在我们温习了今天所学到的内容后,开始进行我们今天的趣味综合练习吧!
指法
综合练习
今天开始进行第二次指法综合练习,在经过了第一次综合练习后,相信大家的手指一定懂得了不少“规矩”,想让它们更“听话”吗?现在我们开始今天的综合练习吧!
老样子,首先要保持正确的坐姿,按照指法规则将手指放在基本键位上。手要悬空,各个手指要保持分工明确、各司其职。眼睛离开键盘,盯着练习内容,好了,现在开打吧!
1.英语对话50句
1)Pain past is pleasure.(过去的痛苦即是快乐。)
2)Please accept my apology.(请接受我的道歉。)
3)Let’s make up.(让我们言归于好吧。)
4)That’s OK.(可以。)
5)Do you have a room available?(你们有空房间吗?)
6)I want to reserve a room.(我想预订一个房间。)
7)Don’ t get me wrong.(别误会我。)
8)Let’ s hope for the best.(让我们往好处想吧。)
9)Did you have a good day today?(你今天过得好吗?)
10)Could I have the bill,please?(请把账单给我好吗?)
11)I’ ll play it by ear.(我会见机行事的。)
12)May I ask you a question?(我能问你一个问题吗?)(www.daowen.com)
13)May I pay by credit card?(我可以用信用卡付款吗?)
14)That’ s not a problem.(那没问题。)
15)Did you have fun?(你玩得开心吗?)
16)Yes,thanks a million.(开心,非常感谢。)
17)Please make yourself at home.(请别客气。)
18)There is a call for you.(有你的电话。)
19)I’ ll be right with you.(我马上就来。)
20)I’ ll get it.(我去接电话。)
21)It won’ t take much time.(不会花很多时间的。)
22)I couldn’ t get through.(我打不通电话。)
23)My phone was out of order.(我的电话坏了。)
24)I was just about to call you.(我正准备打电话给你。)
25)What a coincidence!(真是太巧了!)
26)Take my word for it.(相信我的话。)
27)That’ s the way it is.(就是这么回事。)
28)We’ ll see.(再说吧。)
29)I’ve got some good news for you.(我要告诉你一个好消息。)
30)I’m looking for a part-time job.(我正在找兼职工作。)
31)Oh,Let me get back to you.(噢,我过一会儿打给你吧。)
32)I feel terrible about it.(太对不起了。)
33)That’ s disgusting.(真讨厌。)
34)It won’ t happen again.(下不为例。)
35)How is it going?(情况怎么样?)
36)It’ s awesome.(太棒了!)
37)I enjoyed your company.(我喜欢有你做伴。)
38)I feel the same way.(我也有同感。)
39)Let’ s go home.(我们回家吧。)
40)I’ ll walk you to the door.(我送你到门口。)
41)Don’ t bother.(不用麻烦了。)
42)Just to be on the safe side.(为安全起见。)
43)Let’ s keep in touch.(让我们保持联系。)
44)Have you got anything larger?(你明白我的意思吗?)
45)I understand completely.(我完全明白。)
46)Be careful.(小心/注意。)
47)Give me a call.(给我打电话。)
48)I’ ll keep that in mind.(我会记住的。)
49)I’m in a good mood.(我现在的心情很好。)
50)Let’ s call it a day.(我们今天就到这儿吧。)
2.英文故事
A Small Event
Six years have gone by in the blink of an eye since I came to the capital from the countryside.During these six years I have wit-nessed and heard about quite a number of big events known as “af-fairs of state”.None of them,however,has had any impact on myheart.If anything,they have only made me increasingly gloomy.To tell the truth,they have made me more and more contemptuous of other people.
But there was one small event which had deep significance for me and which pulled me out of my gloom.I still remember it clearly today.
It was a winter day in the sixth year of the Republic (1917)and a strong northerly wind was blowing.I set off early in the mor-ning to go to work.There was hardly anybody on the street.It was quite some time before I finally succeeded in hiring a rickshaw.I told the rickshaw man to take me to the South Gate.
After a while the north wind abated,leaving in its wake a clean stretch of road free of loose dust,which enabled the rickshaw man to run more quickly.Just as we approached the South Gate the right shaft of the rickshaw collided with someone,who crumpled to the ground.
The fallen person was a woman,with streaks of white in her hair and wearing ragged clothes.She had darted suddenly from the side of the street and crossed directly in front of us.The rickshaw man had swerved aside,but her tattered cotton-padded vest,unbu-ttoned and fluttering in the wind,still got caught on the shaft.For-tunately,the rickshaw man had slowed his pace,otherwise she would surely have been thrown head over heels and seriously in-jured.
The old woman was down on all fours; the rickshaw man hal-ted.As I was sure she was not hurt and no one else had seen the collision,I thought the rickshaw man was overreacting.He wassimply asking for trouble and delaying my journey.
“This is nothing,” I said to him.“ Just go on!”
But the rickshaw man ignored my command,or perhaps he did not hear me.He put down the shafts and gently helped the old woman to her feet.Supporting her by the arm,he asked:
“Are you all right?”
“ I am hurt.”
I thought,“ I saw you fall down slowly on the ground.How can you be hurt?You’ re only pretending.This whole thing is disgrace-ful.By being meddlesome,the rickshaw man is bringing trouble upon himself.So let him get out of this mess by himself.”
After hearing the woman’ s reply,the rickshaw man did not hesitate for a moment.Still supporting her by the arm,he walked her forward step by step.A little surprised,I looked ahead.In the distance was a police station.No one stood outside,the wind ha-ving driven everyone indoors.The rickshaw man was guiding the woman there.
At that moment I suddenly experienced a curious sensation.As I watched the back of his dust-covered frame,the rickshaw man suddenly seemed to loom quite large in my field of vision,conti-nuing to grow in size as he walked further away,until I had to raise my head in order to take him in.At the same time he seemed to have become a kind of pressure exuding toward me,a force that seemed to squeeze out all the “ smallness” hidden under my fur-lined cloak.
For a moment I felt as though my blood had solidified.I sat immobile,stunned...
聪明的你是否已经知道这篇英文是译自谁的文章了吧?对了,这就是摘自《鲁迅全集》的片断——《一件小事》。
怎么样?这些练习做下来,是不是感觉有些累,慢慢来,活动一下你的手指,我们下面还有练习要做哟!加油,成功就在不远处招手!
3.跟我一起记字根
在这一部分的练习里,要求给助记词中所列字根举出例字,帮助读者理解记忆字根。按照给出的字根写出相对应的键位,填好后,再上机反复练习。
工( )儿( )八( )灬( )辶( )口( )
口( )禾( )木( )手( )已( )石( )
日( )人( )丁( )子( )山( )女( )
弓( )也( )之( )冖( )氵( )上( )
五( )用( )古( )艹( )马( )西( )
火( )立( )白( )纟( )止( )贝( )
二( )虫( )刀( )
每日一测
进行了几次指法练习后,现在就进行今天的测试吧!定好闹铃,反复输入给出的测试内容,直到时间结束。
计时开始
Tomorrow Norman Norris the world-famous explorer,will lead an expedition into the future.This will be Norman’ s last expedition because he will retire next month.By that time,he will have ex-plored every corner of the earth in our time,he will also have seen over twenty-five different centuries.
He especially looks forward to tomorrow’ s trip because it will take him to the year 3000.He and his crew members are working 12hours a day right now to prepare for the trip.They are jogging every day to stay in shape .They are also studying scientific material and preparing all of the cameras and equipment.They will take lots of photos then.
After they arrive in the year 3000,Norman and his crew mem-bers will conduct experiments on the environment for several weeks.The will study the plants and new species of animals they will find.The expedition will be very exciting and they cannot wait to take it.
时间到
时间到了,查看一下“字数统计”项,统计出你总共输入的字符,再除以10就得出你的输入速度了。
今天的成绩是____/分钟
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