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International Phonetics

Distinguish different groups of phonetics.

前元音：［iː］，［ı］，［e］，［æ］

[iː]发音要领：

舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高。嘴唇向两旁伸开，口形扁平似微笑。上下齿之间能容纳一根牙签。通常是字母ea，ee，ie或ei在单词中的发音。

e.g.　tea　［tiː］　pea［piː］　bean［biːn］

[ı]发音要领：

舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬高。舌两侧抵上齿两侧，嘴型扁平。齿间可容纳一个小指。

e.g.　fig［fıg］　cabbage［ˈkæbıdʒ］　broccoli［ˈbrɒkəlı］

[e]发音要领：

舌尖轻抵住下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌前部向硬腭抬起成拱形，但不接触硬腭。唇形稍扁（中长）；双唇向两边咧开，口型扁平似微笑。齿间可容纳一个食指。通常是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。

e.g.　letter［ˈletə］　best［best］　cherry［ˈtʃerı］

[æ]发音要领：

舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高（舌前部向硬腭抬起），舌位比[e]更低。双唇向两边平伸（嘴角尽量拉向两边），成扁平形，齿间可以容纳食指和中指（张开牙床直至上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指）。通常是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。

e.g.　mango［ˈmæŋgəʊ］　apple［ˈæpl］　salary［ˈsælərı］

中元音：［ә］，［］

[ә]发音要领：

舌尖抵住下齿，但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平。通常是字母a，e，o，u，er，or和ur在单词中的发音。

e.g.　character　［ˈkærıktə］　experience　［ıkˈspɪərıəns］

［ɜː］发音要领：

发音时舌中部比发［ә］音时略高。双唇扁平。通常是字母组合er，ir，or和ur在单词中的发音。

e.g.　first［fɜːst］　personnel［ˌpɜːsəˈnel］

后元音：［ɑː］［ʌ］［ɔː］［ɒ］［uː］［ʊ］

［ɑː］发音要领：

发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。通常是字母组合ar的发音，也是字母a在ss，st，th等字母前面的发音。

e.g.　smart［smɑːt］　embarkation［ˌembɑːˈkeıʃn］

［ʌ］发音要领：

发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起。唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与［æ］相似。通常是字母o和u在单词中的发音。

e.g.　subject［ˈsʌbdʒıkt］　suddenly［ˈsʌdnlı］

［ɔː］发音要领：

发音时舌后部抬得比发［ɒ］音时高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。通常是字母o，or，al，oar，our或oor在单词中的发音。

e.g.　passport［ˈpɑːspɔːt］　laundry［ˈlɔːndrı］

［ɒ］发音要领：

发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。通常是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。

e.g.　costa［ˈkɒstə］　operator［ˈɒpəreıtə(r)］　broth［brɒθ］

［uː］发音要领：

发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比发［ʊ］音时高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比发［ʊ］音时稍小。通常是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音。

e.g.　fruit［fruːt］　spoon［spuːn］　issue［ˈıʃuː］

［ʊ］发音要领：

发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍突出。通常是英语字母u，oo或ou等在单词中的发音。

e.g.　book［bʊk］

Story-telling

一个大院分三家。前院住着老钱家，音乐世家真不赖，整天［iː］［ı］又［e］［æ］；中间一家比较穷，整天饿得大喊［］啊［ə］；最后一家真无奈，气得不是［uː］［ʊ］［ɔː］［ɒ］就是［aː］啊 ［ʌ］。

Mini-talk Imitating

Work with your partners to read and practice the following short conversations.

1____________________________________________________________

A:Hello/Hi! I’m Vivian.(www.daowen.com)

B:Hello/Hi! I’m Chen Lin.Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you!

A:Good morning/afternoon/evening,everyone! I’m Vivian.

B:Good morning/afternoon/evening!

A:Hello,Annie,fancy meeting you here.

B:Hey,Vicent,long time no see.How have you been?

2____________________________________________________________

A:How’s everything with you?

B:Pretty good./ Just so-so./ Not very well,I’m afraid./Terrible!

A:How are you?

B:I am fine.Thank you./Fine,Thanks.And you?

3____________________________________________________________

A:Good-bye!

B:Bye!/See you./So long./See you tomorrow./See you later./See you next time.

4____________________________________________________________

A:May I introduce myself?

B:Yes.

A:I’m a new cruiser attendant.My name’s John.

5____________________________________________________________

A:Simon,may I introduce you to Linda?You don’t know each other,do you?

B:No.I’ve not had the pleasure of meeting her yet.

6____________________________________________________________

A:How about your college life?Do you enjoy it?

B:Perfect! I fall in love with my college at first sight.

A:Do you have any plan about your college?

B:Of course,I do.I will find my life goal,make more friends,go to the library to broaden my horizon,cultivate my interest,get through the CET4 ＆ 6 and so on.

7____________________________________________________________

A:How do you like our library?

B:Pretty good!

A:How do you plan to spend your future college life?

B:Enrich myself as much as possible,such as studying in the library,joining in social activities,getting important certificates and preparing for the future interviews etc.

Performance Presenting

Act out the following pictures with your partners using the expressions for greetings and introductions that you have just learned.

Sample:

（Coming across an old friend who you haven’t met for a long time in the street.）

A:Look,who is here!

B:Jack,fancy meeting you here.

A:Mr.Parker,what a small world!

B:Boy,I am glad to see you again!

A:Me too.It’s been almost 3 years since we last met in the cruiser.

B:Yeah,how time flies! How are you these years?

A:Couldn’t be better.And how about you?

B:Just so-so.

Action 1:Meet each other for the first time

Action 2:Introduce a friend to another one

Action 3：Talk about life plans to her friends

Action 4:Walking in the campus,he wants to make friends with the student who is studying under the tree.