Key Words and Phrases

1.complex/'kɒmpleks/

adj.1）consisting of interconnected or interwoven parts;composed of two or more units复合的；合成的

a complex carbohydrate碳水化合物

2）involved or intricate，as in structure;complicated复杂的：在结构中牵扯较多的或错综复杂的

n.a whole composed of interconnected or interwoven parts合成体：由相互关联交织的部分组成的整体

a complex of cities and suburbs 城郊结合体

the military-industrial complex 军事工业合成体

【词语辨析】complex，complicated，intricate，involved，knotty

这几个形容词的一般含义是“复杂的”。

complex 指组成某种机器的零件、构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素不仅很多，而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱，只有学识深的人或具有专门知识的人才能处理。

the complex mechanism of a watch 手表的复杂结构

the complex modern world 复杂的现代世界

Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.

正义是复杂的法律机器的一部分。

He mentally visualizes a complex form all round itself.

他在脑海里从形体的各个方面来模拟复杂的形体。

complicated 具有complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解。一道算式题可能非常complex，但未必complicated；而一道complicated算式一般总是complex的。

The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.

过去对伽利略的看法并不复杂（指不深奥），这是令人欣然的。

The apparatus thus described，however，records only the horizontal component of the wave movement.

然而，仪器的如此描述只记录下波的运动的水平组成部分。[但是事实上波的运动要复杂得多（指不易解释）]

intricate 通常指交织在一起的众多因素，而且很难理出头绪来。

The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.

这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。

involved 通常指许多事物或事物的关系盘根错节。

These are involved financial affairs.

这是些错综复杂的金融事务。

knotty 指充满纠缠不清、令人困惑的复杂问题，而且包含着几乎不可能解决或弄懂的意义。

This is a knotty passage.

这是一段复杂难懂的文字。

2.routine/ruː'tiːn/

n.the usual series of things you do at a particular time;the practice of regularly doing things in a fixed order例行公事，常规，日常事务，程序

The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle.

这些运动员不得不改变他们的日常安排和生活方式。

adj.used to describe activities that are done as a normal part of a job or process or that are completely ordinary常规的，平淡的，普通的

He was given a series of routine medical tests including X-rays and blood tests.

他进行了一系列包括X光和验血在内的常规医学检查。

routine work 日常工作

routine inspection 例行检查

adv.routinely例行公事地

Some of the equipment is routinely used in hospitals around the country.

部分仪器在全国各医院里常规性地使用。

3.bewildering/bɪ'wɪldərɪŋ/

adj.A bewildering thing or situation is very confusing and difficult to understand or to make a decision about.令人困惑的，使人混乱的

A glance along his bookshelves reveals a bewildering array of interests.

扫一眼他的书架就可以看出他杂七杂八的兴趣爱好。

4.prescription/prɪ'skrɪpʃn/

n.1）the act of establishing official rules，laws，or directions立法；建立官方规则、法律或指示的行为

We went through tremendous pain and suffering trying to follow the prescription of the IMF.

为了按照国际货币基金组织的规则行事，我们遭受了巨大的痛苦和磨难。

2）a written order，especially by a physician，for the preparation and administration of a medicine or other treatment处方，药方

folk prescription 偏方，民间药方

prescription drug 需医师处方才可购买的药

Is there any special prescription with it？

有没有特别的药方来治疗它？

5.nuance/'njuːɑːns/(www.daowen.com)

n.a subtle or slight degree of difference，as in meaning，feeling，or tone;a gradation细微差别；程度上的差异

This is a rich artistic performance，full of nuance.

这是一场丰富多彩的艺术表演，有许多细腻的表达。

sensitive to delicate nuances of style

对文体细微差别的敏感

6.immersion/ɪ'mɜːʃn/

n.the act or an instance of immersing;the condition of being immersed沉浸；浸没的动作、实例、状态

I left the office after a week full of overtime and complete immersion in the work.

在加班一周，完全沉浸在工作忙碌之后，我离开了办公室。

The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.

这块木头由于长时间浸泡而变大。

7.respectful/rɪ'spektfl/

adj.showing or marked by proper respect恭敬的，尊敬的

The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.

我们家的孩子们总是很尊敬他们的长辈。

Gradually，they began to look at me with respectful eyes.

渐渐地，他们开始用尊敬的眼光看待我。

8.validity/və'lɪdəti/

n.the validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed;the quality of having legal force or effectiveness可信性，有效性，合法性，正确性

period of validity 有效期

Other controversies are not really about the validity of the science;they are about whether the science should proceed at all.

另一些争论也并不是真的关于科学的有效性的争论，它们争论的是科学是否应该继续进行。

9.brush off 对……不在乎，认为……不重要

No matter what method you choose，the key is not to brush off symptoms.

不管你采用何种治疗方法，关键是不要把这种症状不当回事。

10.pass up 拒绝，放弃（机会）

The official urged the government not to pass up the opportunity that has now presented itself.

那位官员敦促政府不要放弃目前摆在他们面前的机会。

Imagine passing up an offer like that!

真想不到竟放弃这样好的条件！

11.tune out 不听，不注意，不理睬

Children rapidly tune out if you go beyond them.

如果你的话超出了孩子们的理解力，他们很快就不听了。

Rose heard the familiar voice，but tuned out the words.

罗丝听到了那熟悉的声音，但却没有注意到说的是什么。

They tuned out my commands.

他们不理会我的命令。

The audience tuned out when the speaker began his long-winded speech.

当演讲者开始长篇大论时，听众都走神了。

12.take toll on 造成伤害

Time can take toll on beauty，but not the love that I fell for you.

时间会带走美丽，但夺不走我对你的爱情。

Analysis of Difficult Sentences

1.It turns out that English is widely accepted in Germany as the language of business and most Germans are taught it as a second language throughout their early school years.

[分析]　这是一个含有that引导的主语从句的复合句。It是形式主语。

[译文]　结果我却发现，英语作为商业用语在德国被人们广泛接受。而且，大部分德国人在早年上学时都把英语作为第二语言学习过。

2.It usually takes two sets of eyes and ears to do things that you would normally do on autopilot when you're at home.

[分析]　本句中It仍然是形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式。things后面是一个由that引导的定语从句。注意句中短语：do on autopilot，本意为“启动自动驾驶模式”，此处用指“从容轻松做事情”。

[译文]　（在国外）做事费心劳神，通常要有眼观六路、耳听八方的能力。如果在国内，这些事轻轻松松就可以搞定。

3.If you can have someone meet you at the airport，get you settled at the hotel，help you with logistics，and join you for your meetings，then don't pass up the opportunity.

[分析]　If条件状语从句中四个并列的动词短语作宾语补足语。短语pass up the opportunity意为“放弃机会”。

[译文]　如果有人可以在机场接你，带你去酒店安顿好，帮你拿行李并与你一起参加商业会谈，那么千万不要放弃这样的好机会。

4.A helper who knows the language will pick up on this nuance and take the time to get everything on the table and make sure you understand.

[分析]　who引导的定语从句用来修饰主语A helper。谓语部分较长，包含三个动词短语。句中短语pick up on this nuance意为“熟悉语言上的微妙差异”。

[译文]　熟悉该国语言的助理会向你阐释清楚这种语言上的细微差异，花时间把一切问题摆到桌面上并确保你把它们弄明白。