理论教育 英语字母及读音规律详解

英语字母及读音规律详解

时间:2023-08-14 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:字母是单词的组成部分,是用来拼写单词的。英语共有48个音标,其中元音有20个,辅音有28个,见表1.1。重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节称为重读音节。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号,如are[ɑ]。表1.7辅音字母不发音规律续表注意:需熟悉规律,并特别注意例词。

英语字母及读音规律详解

书 信

一、书信的组成部分

英文书信一般由6部分组成,即:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、署名。

1.信头

信头是指写信人的地址和写信日期,一般写在第一面信纸的右上角,先写地址再写日期,地址的写法是从小到大,先写门牌号、路号,再写区名、市名、省名,最后写国名。时间的写法可以按照日、月、年的顺序写,也可以按照月、日、年的顺序写。

2.信内地址

信内地址包括收信人的姓名和地址。一般给比较生疏的亲友的信和公事信件要写出,而熟悉朋友可以省去这一步骤。收信人的姓名和地址写在左上角,先写收信人的称呼姓名,然后写出地址。地址也是从小到大写出。

3.称呼

称呼是对收信人的称谓,写在正文的左上方,顶格写起,自成一行,末尾用逗号。通常以“Dear”“My Dear”等开头。

4.正文

正文是一封信的主体部分,通常在称呼的下一行写出。正文可采用齐头式或缩进式的方法。齐头式是反映每段开头一行和后面行并齐;缩进式是指正文每段的第一行向右缩进4个字母

常用的开头语有:

Ihave received your letter of June 2nd. 6月2日来信已经收悉。

Ihave the pleasure to tell you that….  很高兴告诉你……

It ismy honor to inform you that….  很荣幸告诉你……

Thank you for….  感谢你……

常用的结束套话有:

Iam looking forward to hearing from you.  盼早日回信。

Iam looking forward to your reply.  盼早日回信。

Bestwishes.  祝好。

Thank you for your help  感谢你的帮助!

Wish my bestwishes for your success.  祝你成功。

Wishing you a happy holiday.  祝假日愉快!

Hoping to hear from you soon.  希望能尽快收到你的回信。

Please replyme as soon as possible.  请尽快回信。

5.结束语

结束语可以在正文之后隔一两行的偏右方开始写出,也可以与正文齐头写。开头字母用大写。

常用的结束语有:Yours sincerely,Yours truly,Yours faithfully,Yours(朋友之间)等。

6.署名

署名写在结束语的下一行。除了是写给熟人或亲友之外,签名应该用全名。

注意:书信写作的五点要求:

①开头可进行问候;②说明写信的目的;③提出自己的建议;④把题目所给的内容要点一个一个地写清楚;⑤不同的内容可以分成不同的段落。在信中可用一些感谢语,在信的结尾处可以期待对方回信的话语结束。

二、写作范文

1.(2011年成考题)假设你是李华,写信邀请你的美国朋友John参加玉龙山露营活动,信中主要包括以下内容:

注意:①开头已为你写好。

②词数应为100左右。

Dear John,

We are going camping on Yulong Mountain thisweekend.Would you like to join us?There'll be 6 of us in the group,if you come.We'll go there by train.The train will leave at9:30 am,and get there in two hours.We are tomeetat the Railway Station Square at8:30 Saturdaymorning.Sincewe'll spend the night at the footof the mountain,please take your camping equipment,such as a tent and a sleeping bag.Don't forget to take your overcoat and getenough water and food.We'll come back Sunday afternoon.If you can join us,please giveme a reply soon.

Bestwishes,

Li Hua

2.(2012年成考题)假设你是李华,是世界经济论坛(The World Economic Forum)的组织者之一。写信邀请Dr.Huffman参加本次论坛,请他做一小时的演讲并回答问题,希望其尽快回复。

会议地点:北京国家科技园(the National Science Park,Beijing)

会议时间:2013年4月10日—12日

论坛网址:www.worldeconomicforum.com

注意:词数应为100左右。

Dear Dr.Huffman,

I feel ita greathonor to invite you as one of the speakers at theWorld Economic Forum.Itwill be held at the National Science Park,Beijing,from April 10th to 12th,2013.You are supposed to speak for an hour and answer questions for twentyminutes,Iam sure your speech will be very important to the success of the Forum next year.If you want to know more about the Forum,you may visit www.worldecnomicforum.com.Please let me know as soon as possible whether you can join us in Beijing.

Yours,

Li Hua

3.(2013年成考题)假设你是李华,学校组织夏令营,欢迎外国学生参观。请用英语写一封信邀请你的美国朋友Tim参加并告诉他夏令营的具体安排:

注意:词数应为100左右。

Dear Tim,

How are you doing recently?I'm writing to invite you to join us in a summer camp.Our school plans to have a four-week summer camp,from July 15 to August12.There'll be both Chinese and international students.In themornings we'll have classes including Chinese,English,and Chinese painting.In the afternoons there'll be lectures on Chinese culture and customs.On weekends we'll tour around the city and visit some places of interest,such as the GreatWall and the Summer Palace.We are sure to have a lot of fun together.So what do you think of it?I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

4.(2014年成考题)假设你是李华,请用英语写一封信邀请Mike参加你和朋友在颐和园的周末野餐,并告诉他你将负责面包水果和饮料。具体安排如下:

注意:词数应为100左右。(www.daowen.com)

Dear Mike,

How are you doing recently?My friend and I plan to have a picnic together in the Summer Palace this coming weekend.We'd like to invite you to come and join us.Each of us is expected to prepare a favorite dish for the picnic.And Iwill get enough bread\fruit and drinks for all of us.We have decided tomeet at the bus stop near the north gate of our school at8 o'clock this Sundaymorning.Please letme know if you can come.

Yours,

Lihua

5.(2015年真题)假设你是李华,10月20日是你18岁的生日,发邮件邀请你的外国朋友Jack来你家参加生日聚合。主要内容包括:

聚会时间:周六晚7点到l0点;

参加人员:朋友和同学;

活动内容:聚餐、唱歌、跳舞、游戏等。

注意:①词数应为100左右;

②开头语已为你写好。

Dear Jack,

Ihope this emailwill find you very well.This ismy eighteenth birthday.To celebrate it,we are going to hold a birthday party athome on Saturday evening.The party will startat7 pm and end at10 pm,lasting three hours.Would you like to attend my birthday party?Ihave invited some ofmy friends and classmates to come.At the party,we'll sing and dance,followed by a rich dinner.What'smore,we'll play games together.I'm sure we will all enjoy ourselves.I'm looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

通 知

一、概述

1.分类

通知一般分为口头通知和书面通知。

(1)口头通知是通过口述来传达情况、布置事项,用词偏重口语化;

(2)书面通知是书面的正式公告或布告,常常张贴在显眼的位置。书面通知用词贴切,语句简洁,往往较为正式。

在各类英语考试中,通知一般为书面通知。通知正文所使用的语言应尽量简明扼要。一般要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、内容、出席对象及有关注意事项。

2.通知格式

(1)通常用NOTICE为标题。标题的每个字母用大写,写在上方居中的位置。

(2)发通知的人或单位名称写在正文的右下方。

(3)发通知的时间一般位于发通知的人或单位名称的下一行,也是正文的右下方。

(4)书面通知无称呼语,用第三人称来写。

二、写作范例

1.初一(2)班的全体同学将于2012年10月18日在学校操场举办一次活动,活动包括诗朗诵、讲故事、唱歌、舞蹈,现以全班同学的名义邀请全体初中同学参加。届时,将请各班主任作为教师代表出席,请参加的师生每人准备好一个节目。发布通知的日期为2012年10月5日。(字数为100字)

参考范文

NOTICE

We're going to have activities on the school playground at 10:00 a.m on October 18,2012.You can read poems,tell stories.You can also sing a song and dance there.We hope all the junior students can come and join in the activities.All the headmasterswill be invited to our activities as representatives of teachers.Please get one performance ready because some of you will probably be asked to give us one.

Students of class2,Junior1

October 5,2012

2.通知

由于近日连降大雨,我校原定本周六举行的运动会将作延期。如果天气允许的话,运动会将在下周六早晨举行。

体育办公室

2016年9月10日

参考范文

NOTICE

The sportsmeeting which was to take place this Saturday has to be put off because of the heavy rain these days.All students are required to come to school on Saturdaymorning as usual,but there will be no class that afternoon.Weather permitting,the sportsmeeting will be held next Saturdaymorning.

Office of Physical Education

10th September,2016

日 记

一、概述

英文日记和汉语日记一样,是用来记叙一天中所发生的有意义的事情或对将来的打算等。

1.格式

日记的格式是一般在左上角分别写上当天日期(月、日、年),星期;右上角写上当天的天气情况。表示天气情况的词一般用形容词,如fine,cold,snowy,sunny,rainy,cloudy等。

2.注意事项

①日记写的是自己经历的事,所以用第一人称来写。

②事情发生在过去,所以时态一般用过去时。

③考试中日记必须根据所给的提示来写。

二、写作范例

五月三号,你班同学参观了一个博物馆,根据以下内容写一篇日记:

①九点在校门口集合,九点半出发去参观三峡博物馆。

②中午在人民广场参加了娱乐活动

③词数100字左右。

May 3         Friday         Sunny

Itwas Friday.The sun was shining.Our classmates wanted to visit The Three Gorges.Museum.We met together at 9 o'clock in themorning at the school gate.Half an hour later we set off.

When we arrived at themuseum,the guide of themuseum gave us a warm welcome and we followed him and looked around.Atnoon we had a lunch in a restaurantnearby.After thatwe had a party.Some of us played chess;others danced or told stories in turn on the square.

The time passed so quickly.We had to say goodbye to themuseum.All of us had a good time.

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