1.用于直接引语。位于直接引语后面的标点符号如果是直接引语的一部分，就应放在引号的内侧，否则，应放到引号的外侧。如：

The sample solution was stirred briefly with amagnetic“flea”.

Ralph Waldo Emerson said，“The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.”

对于大段的直接引语（超过50个词），也可以采取另起段排版，并且两端缩进的方式（视相关期刊或出版社的习惯而定）。如：

Everything is made of atoms.That is the key hypothesis.The most important hypothesis in all of biology，for example，is that everything that animals do，atoms do.In other words，there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.

—Richard Phillips Feynman

2.用于正文中的出版物标题。如：

A complete description of the oils is given in the section“Flavonoids in Citrus Peel Oils”，and other references are listed in the bibliography.

Riger's（1992）article，“Epistemological Debates，Feminist Voices:Science，Social Values，and the Study of Women”...

但：The preface describes the complexity of the problem.

3.用于带有讽刺意义、故意用错或有特殊含义的表达。如：

The Chief Executive told us he“cared”about big science.

Plastocyanin is a soluble“blue”copper protein.

The integrated intensity of each diagonal in the spectrum is proportional to a“mixing coefficient”.

The“electron-deficient”cations are，in fact，well-established intermediates.(www.daowen.com)

4.用于区别于正文文字的、表示举例或解释的单词或短语。如：

Avoid the sloppy use of“impact”，“case”，and“individual”.

由entitled，the word，the term，marked，designated，classified，named和signed引导的术语或表达通常需要使用引号。如：

The term“silt”refers to unconsolidated rock particles finer than sand and coarser than clay.

After the word“treaty”，insert a comma.

Of what does the item“miscellaneous debts”consist？

The check was endorsed“John Adamson.”

It was signed“John”.

但：known as和so-called引导的术语或表达则不需要使用引号。如：

The so-called bottom load refers to the larger particles that move on or near the bed of the stream.

Beryllium is known as glucinium in some European countries.

5.在双引号内如果仍有需要使用引号，应选用单引号。如：

He said，“You should read the article‘Fullerenes Gain Nobel Stature’in the January 6，1997，issue of Chemical&Engineering News.”