1.在圆括号内的插入语中使用方括号，使附加成分的层次容易区分。如：

...was significant，（F［1，32］=4.37，p＜0.05）.或...was significant，［F（1，32）=4.37，p＜0.05］

但：

was significant，F（1，32）=4.37，p＜0.05.

and immunization was carried out with DTP（the CDC recommendation［17］）before....

2.用于在直接引语中加入的插入语或解释等（方括号中内容为非直接引语）。如：

In the words of Sir William Lawrence Bragg，“The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways［italics added］of thinking about them.”

“when［his own and others'］behaviors were studied”（Hanisch，1992，p.24）.(www.daowen.com)

The results of an analysis by Neyman，Scott，and Smith［Science 163：1445-9］of a carefully conducted experiment were released to the press.

3.表示物质的浓度。如：

［Na+］；［HCO3］；等等。

4.用于数学式或化学名。如：

z=k［（a+b）-y（c+d）］；

bis（bicyclo［2.2.2］octadiene）platinum；等等。