圆括号须成对使用,用于涵括行文中相对独立的部分。圆括号的作用与成对出现的逗号和成对出现的破折号相似,但在表示强调程度方面略有差异:圆括号较弱,逗号中性,破折号较强。
1.用于句中表示补充信息,起解释、说明作用。如:
The final step(washing)also was performed under a hood.
The curve(Figure 2)obeys the Beer-Lambert law.
The results(Table 1)were consistently positive.
Only 15 samples(or 20%)were analyzed.
The patterns were significant(see Figure 5).
cobalt chloride(Mallinckrodt)(补充说明试剂)
a pH meter with a glass electrode(Corning)(补充说明设备)
The author stated,“The effect disappeared within minutes”(Lopez,1993,p.311),but she did not say which effect(补充说明引文信息)
Lopez(1993)found that“the effect disappeared within minutes”(p.311).(补充说明引文信息)
effect on the galvanic skin response(GSR).(解释缩写)
2.如果圆括号所括内容为一完整的句子,且位于另一句子的中间,则括号内句子的首字母小写且不使用句号;否则,括号内句子的首字母大写且使用句号。如:(www.daowen.com)
Our results(the spectra are shown in Figure 5)justified our conclusions.
Our results justified our conclusions(the spectra are shown in Figure 5).
A mechanism involving loss of a CH radical followed by rearrangement was proposed.(The reactions are shown in Scheme 1.)
3.表示行文中起序号作用的数字或字母(需成对使用)。如:
Three applications of this reaction are possible:(1)isomerization of sterically hindered aryl radicals,(2)enol keto transformation,and(3)sigmatropic hydrogen shift.
The subject areas included(a)synonyms associated with cultural interactions,(b)descriptors for ethnic group membership,and(c)psychological symptoms and outcomes associated with bicultural adaptation.
4.用于数学公式或化学式。如:
(k-1)/(g-2);
z=k(a+b+c);
y=3.47(x+z)3;
K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O;
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)COOH;等等。
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