英文摘要的规范表达还要注意以下事项：

1.表达要简洁，一些不必要的词句有时可以直接省略或通过改变句式来省略。例如：“in this paper...”，“it is reported...”，“the author discusses...”，“this paper concerned with...”，“extensive investigations show...”等在表意明确的情况下是可以省略或改变句式的。

2.要提炼出观点，将创新性内容和技术要点写出来，尽可能采用国际通用标准术语来表达，切不可因为某些内容不好用英语表达就弃掉要点；简化背景信息陈述，背景信息应只包含新情况、新内容。

3.尽量简化一些措辞和表意重复的词语。例如：“at a temperature of 250℃to 300℃”应改为“at 250-300℃”；“at a high pressure of 200kPa”应改为“at 200kPa”；“discussed and studied in detail”应直接表示为“discussed”。

4.避免用长句，长句容易造成语意不清；避免单调和重复；避免连续使用多个形容词、名词，或形容词、名词来修饰名词，可用连字符连接名词词组中的名词，或使用介词短语，形成修饰单元。例如：“the chlorine containing high melt index propylene based polymer”应改为“the chlorine containing propylene-based polymer of high melt index”。

5.注意冠词用法，不要误用、滥用或随便省略冠词。注意区分“a”和“an”，在5个元音字母A、E、I、O、U之前用“an”，其余用“a”。注意定冠词用法，尤其要避免漏用定冠词，当定冠词“the”用于表示独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等情况时比较容易掌握，但用于特指时常被漏用，要坚持“当用the时，读者能确切知道其所指”的原则。例如：“The author designed a new machine.The machine is operated with solar energy.”和“Molar mass M has long been considered one of the most important factors among various relevant parameters.The parameter Molar mass M was calculated with the following equation.”两句中的“the”不可省略。现在缩略语越来越多，要注意区分其前面的不定冠词“a”和“an”，在缩略语首字母为M、N、F、H、L、R、S、X之前用“an”，如：an X-ray；而在university，useful，one-dimension等词前用“a”。

6.避免用阿拉伯数字作首词。例如：“Ten algorithms are developed with Visual C++，and the correctness of them is verified through examples test.”中的首词“Ten”不要写成“10”；或“Over 20 mathematical models are built in this test.”，不要写成“20 more mathematical models are built in this test.”

7.避免单复数不分。一些名词的单复数形式不易辨认，容易造成谓语形式出错。例如：“The data are shown in Table 2”中的“are”不要写成“is”（data是复数形式，其单数形式是datum，很少用）；“Literature does not support the need for removal of all bone and metal fragments.”中的“Literature does”最好不要写成“Literatures do”（Literature指文献时是不可数名词，一般不用复数形式）。

8.可用动词的情况下尽量避免用动词的名词形式。例如：“Thickness of plastic sheets was measured.”不要写为“Measurement of thickness of plastic sheets was made.”(www.daowen.com)

9.组织好句子，使动词尽量靠近主语，而且用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。例如：（1）“When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane，decolorization was irreversible after 10h of irradiation.”不要写为：“The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane，which was exposed to 10h of irradiation，was no longer irreversible.”（2）“Power consumption of telephone switching system was determined from data obtained experimentally.”不要写成：“From data obtained experimentally，power consumption of telephone switching system was determined.”

10.尽量少用特殊字符以及由特殊字符组成的数学式，缩略语首次出现时应给出全称。例如：为了方便使用“GERT”这个缩略语代替其全称“graphical evaluation and review technique”时，在其首次出现时应该表达为“graphical evaluation and review technique（GERT）”，再次出现时才可直接使用其缩略语“GERT”。

例1

Title:New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary Object

Abstract:A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object based on computed-tomography is proposed.A discrete model of this imaging spectrometric system is established，which is accordant to actual measurements and convenient for computation.In computer simulations with this method，projections of the object are detected by CCD while the object is rotating，and the original spectral images are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm of computed-tomography.Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method is correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrowband spectral objects.

例2

Title:Root Distribution of Drought-Resistant Peanut Genotypes in Response to Drought

Abstract:The ability of a plant to modify its root distribution to exploit deeper stored soil water may be an important mechanism to avoid drought.This study aimed at assessing root distributions，variations in root length density（RLD）and percentage of root distribution，and the relevance of root traits for yield of drought-resistant peanut genotypes under different available soil water levels.The experiment was conducted in the dry season during the years 2003/04 and 2004/05.Eleven peanut genotypes（ICGV 98300，ICGV 98303，ICGV 98305，ICGV 98308，ICGV 98324，ICGV 98330，ICGV 98348，ICGV 98353，Tainan 9，KK 60-3 and Tifton-8）and three soil moisture levels［field capacity（FC），2/3 available soil water（AW）and 1/3 AW］were laid out in a split-plot design with four replications.Roots were sampled by a core sampler at 37，67 and 97 days after sowing（DAS）.Root length was determined by a scanner and the WINRHIZO Pro 2004a software.RLD was calculated as the ratio of root length（cm）and soil volume（cm3）.Graphical illustration of root distribution was constructed by merging RLD in the first and second soil layers（0-40 cm）as upper roots and pooling RLD at the third，fourth and fifth layers（40-100 cm）as lower roots.Pod yield，biomass and harvest index（HI）were recorded at harvest.A drought tolerance index（DTI）was calculated for each parameter as the ratio of the parameter under stress treatment to that under wellwatered conditions.Variations in RLD in 40 to 100 cm layer（RLD40 to 100 cm）were found under well-watered conditions，and the peanut genotypes could be readily identified as high，intermediate and low for this trait.Changes in RLD in the 40 to 100 cm soil layer were found at 2/3 AW and were more evident at 1/3 AW.ICGV 98300，ICGV 98303，ICGV 98305，ICGV 98308 and KK 60-3 were classified as drought responsive as they increased RLD in the deeper subsoil level in response to drought.In general，RLD under drought conditions was not related to biomass production.The ability to maintain the percentage of RLD（DTI for%RLD）was related to pod yield，DTI for pod yield and DTI for HI.ICGV 98300，ICGV 98303，ICGV 98305 exhibited high DTI（RLD40to100 cm）which may explain their high pod yield，DTI（PY）and DTI（HI）.Based on these observations we classified them as drought-avoiding genotypes.