理论教育 本书主要研究内容与结构安排

本书主要研究内容与结构安排

时间:2023-06-21 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第4章采用滑模变结构观测器对永磁同步电机的相电流传感器故障进行重构。

本书主要研究内容与结构安排

永磁同步牵引电机系统中可能发生的故障类型复杂多样,可以采用的故障检测与诊断方法也与其他设备有所不同,文献[86]对其中电机电流分析、振动检测、轴向漏磁通、局部放电以及基于模型的故障诊断5 种比较具有代表性的方法进行了分析对比,提出了各种方法的适用故障类型,其中,基于模型的故障诊断方法几乎适用于所有永磁同步电机故障类型,而且唯一一种适合于传感器故障检测和诊断的方法就是基于模型的故障诊断方法。基于前述分析可知,针对永磁同步电机永磁体失磁故障和传感器故障的研究还相对较少,鉴于滑模变结构控制技术在非线性系统中广泛的适用性以及对未知输入扰动良好的鲁棒性,且易于工程实现,特别适合永磁同步电机控制系统这类多变量、强耦合的非线性时变系统[115-117]。因此,本书在机车牵引控制系统的背景下,以永磁同步电机永磁体失磁故障和传感器故障为研究对象,采用滑模变结构技术,开展基于滑模观测器的永磁同步牵引电机故障诊断系统的研究。

第1章阐述了本书研究的背景及意义,分析了永磁同步电机的突出特点和在轨道交通牵引系统中应用的优势,并介绍了其在国内外的研究和应用现状,阐明了永磁同步牵引电机系统是下一代轨道交通车辆牵引系统的发展方向以及面临的故障风险。在对故障诊断技术研究现状及未来发展趋势概述的同时,从永磁同步电机永磁体特有的失磁故障的诊断、电流传感器故障诊断和电流传感器故障重构方面进行了全面综述,并从滑模面的设计、滑模到达条件、等效控制、抖动问题、滑模观测器、滑模变结构在故障诊断中的应用等方面全面介绍了滑模变结构控制技术理论及其应用于故障诊断和重构的突出优势。

第2章论述了永磁同步电机的数学模型和发生永磁体磁链变化下的失磁故障时的数学模型,提出一种基于扩展磁链的变速趋近律滑模观测器的转矩闭环内置式永磁同步牵引电机控制系统转矩和永磁体磁场状况在线监测方法,可为转矩闭环永磁同步牵引电机控制系统提供准确的转矩反馈和永磁体磁链信息,并采用自抗扰控制器代替传统的PI 控制器用于电流环的设计,有效地提高了系统的鲁棒性和动静态性能,动态过程无超调,有利于提高永磁同步电机牵引传动系统的鲁棒控制性能和预防不可逆失磁风险。

第3章针对内置式永磁同步电机转矩闭环控制系统,提出了基于滑模观测器的三相电流传感器单独故障及并发故障的诊断方法,实现了对a、b、c 三相单电流传感器发生的突变增益和偏移故障的实时在线诊断;其次,在考虑含有外部扰动情况下,通过引入滑模变结构信号,消除了外部扰动信号对残差的影响,实现了对三相电流传感器单独及并发的突变增益和缓变偏移故障的实时诊断。

第4章采用滑模变结构观测器对永磁同步电机的相电流传感器故障进行重构。首先引入一个新的状态变量将电流传感器故障等效为执行器故障;然后基于扩展磁链的电机模型,利用滑模变结构中的等值控制方法在α-β 坐标系中设计其状态观测器,消除了未知输入扰动对系统的影响,并利用自适应方法实现了a、b 相电流传感器故障的重构;最后利用故障重构值来设计d-q 轴电流环容错控制算法。所提方法对发生的电流传感器间歇偏移故障、缓变的偏移故障和突变增益故障均能够有效地在线实时检测和重构,d-q 轴电流环容错控制算法的引入有效抑制了故障发生后系统输出转矩的振荡。

第5章在考虑电流传感器测量回路含有未知输入扰动的情况下,提出了一种基于故障和扰动解耦的相电流传感器故障重构和未知输入扰动估计的方法。首先引入一阶低通滤波器,将传感器故障等效为执行器故障,然后利用坐标变换方法实现了故障与干扰的解耦,最后利用滑模观测器和滑模变结构等值原理实现相电流传感器故障和未知输入扰动的重构。所提方法对发生的电流传感器缓变和间歇故障及电流传感器回路中的高频扰动均能够有效地在线实时检测和重构。

第6章对全书进行了深入总结,归纳了创新点,提出了有待解决的问题,并展望了后续需要进一步研究的工作。

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