1.如何成为一个优秀的演说家

秀场时代，公共演讲对于很多职场人士来说是一项必备的生存技能。对一个期望能够在某些领域建立专业声望的人来说，如果能够具备出色的演讲能力，在很大程度上可以使自己在影响力建设和拓展社会资源上具有优势。

作为一种公共沟通的艺术，演讲是一次在相对限定的时间内融合个人见识、知识、经验、情感、性格魅力和审美趣味的集中释放。而所有这些元素产生的综合效果，决定了你跟听众产生的化学反应可以具备多大的活性。

1.重视开场

一个好的开场，应该做到迅速抓住听众注意力、适当活跃现场气氛、自然引出演讲主题。而要实现这些功能的方式有很多种：向听众提出有质量的问题、讲述跟个人经验有关的小故事、以和听众关联度最高的公共事件进行举例、介绍一个来自于特定知识领域又易于理解的小知识（书籍）或前一个演讲者传达的观点等等。一个成熟的演讲者，不仅需要能够掌控各种开场技巧，更重要的是善于根据演讲的环境和主题，选择最适合的开场方式。我们通常对于演讲的主要内容做到心中有数，而时间再紧张，对于开场白一定会仔细琢磨，至少自己操练一遍。

2.研究你的听众

了解听众的背景是做好研究的前提。这能够帮助你很好地去预设一系列问题：他们关心什么样的信息？他们有可能会产生什么样的问题？他们中间或许会存在哪些潜在的敌意，需要你在演讲中进行一些特别的精神沟通？他们会因为什么而愤怒或者感动？当你了解了听众的背景，确定了演讲主题，你需要做的就是为这些问题找到答案。

3.习惯站着表达思想

站着演讲一是可以更好地传达你的气场，二是可以通过行走来跟听众产生更好的互动。如果你对自己的控场能力足够自信，你可以在适当的情况下走到听众中间，进行近距离的亲密接触。长时间站着演讲当然会“站着说话也腰疼”，但是当你释放了你的所有情感和能量，听到台下掌声响起，那又何尝不是最完美的足疗呢？

If you speak to someone face-to-face,or in an interpersonal interaction,you are verbally communicating.Interpersonal communication involves some sort of relationship with the person to whom you are speaking.Public speaking is also a form of verbal communication.You may not aspire to be a public speaker,but the need for you to give a public speech can arise in many business,social,civic or educational situations.

Instructions

1　You should have a goal with all of your verbal communication.Set your communication goal.When you are asked to speak publicly,you need to determine your main points.The same is true with interpersonal communications,although you may not have as much time to think about it.The more you practice it,however,the more you will find yourself instinctively asking,“What am I trying to accomplish?”

2　Organize your thoughts.If you are preparing a speech,you will create an outline that will allow for a natural progression and seamless segues from one thought or point to another.You can do this mental organization in your interpersonal communications,as well.If you take a few moments to do this with all of your verbal communications,you will come across as more decisive.This helps eliminate misunderstandings.

3　Learn how to make an introduction.Practice making introductions.This is a hallmark of good verbal communications,as you are displaying respect as well as seen as a facilitator of good communications.Remember the basics:The person being introduced is mentioned last.A good basic introduction might be,“Mr.Smith,I'd like you to meet Mr.Jones with Acme Industries.”

4　Spend time reading to help with grammar and stay abreast of current events.Increase your vocabulary and knowledge through reading.You do not have to learn big words to impress people;in fact,often the opposite is true.If you purposely use words that are not in the common vernacular or that do not easily flow off your tongue,you will come across as pompous and“trying too hard”.Reading can,however,help you become a good conversationalist,and you will absorb proper grammar and phrasing from reading news or books.

5　Paying attention to your listener's non-verbal cues can help you adjust your communications.Monitor your receivers,or listeners,for non-verbal feedback.You may feel you are not a skilled communicator,but undoubtedly you know when a person looks bored,puzzled or is distracted.As you practice your verbal communications,you will become more adept at making mid-stream corrections.If you see a frown on your listener's face,you can immediately add,“for example,”and then illustrate a point you are trying to make.This is considerate and works to avoid misunderstandings.

Activity 1:Group discussion.

1.Why do you need to create an outline if you are preparing a speech?

2.How to increase your vocabulary and knowledge?

2.如何写好一篇演讲稿

怎样写好一篇演讲稿的建议：

1.用语方面

演讲中应少用文言词语、书面语、长句等，多用“我们、你”等称呼拉近距离。

写作演讲稿时，应把长句改成短句，多用反问句，把单音词换成双音词，把听不明白的文言词语、成语改换或删去。演讲稿写完后，要念一念，听一听，看看是不是“上口”“入耳”。

2.对象和主题方面

演讲的目的是为了打动听众，“征服”听众，必须要有现实的针对性。

3.资料详实准确

在登台演讲前撰稿时就作了充分的准备，手中有粮，心才不慌。

4.真诚表达

5.结尾简洁有力，余音绕梁

美国作家约翰·沃尔夫说：“演讲最好在听众兴趣到高潮时果断收束，未尽时戛然而止。”这是演讲稿结尾最为有效的方法。在演讲处于高潮的时候，听众大脑皮层高度兴奋，注意力和情绪都由此而达到最佳状态，如果在这种状态中突然收束演讲，那么保留在听众大脑中的最后印象就特别深刻。

Informing the public on any topic is done well in the form of a speech.Writing a speech tends to be daunting for many,but if you know how to write it,the process is a breeze.Keep your thoughts and words organized,and you will be fine.Read on to learn how to write an informative public speech.

Instructions

1　Focus the topic.For any topic at hand,you must focus on the base points that need to be made in the speech.To write an informative public speech,you must ensure that you have your main points organized before you begin.

2　Decide who your audience is.The best way to write a public speech that is both effective and informative is to evaluate who the audience is and cater the speech to them specifically.

3　Grab their attention.Ask the audience a thought provoking question,lead in with an anecdote or begin with shocking statistics that will get them thinking about your topic.The beginning of the article must get their attention or you will lose them.

4　Give the information clearly.Don't use jargon or huge words that the audience may have a hard time hearing or understanding.Make sure you are able to deliver the information in the most clear cut way possible,and the best way to ensure that is to use plain English.

5　Close with the bang.Reiterate the main points of your speech,and give your audience something to think about.The end of the speech is just as important as the beginning,because you must give them something to remember.

Activity 2:Group discussion.(www.daowen.com)

1.How could you grab your audience's attention?

2.What is the best way mentioned above to ensure that you give the information clearly?

3.如何准备即兴演讲

即兴讲话最大的障碍不是听众，而是自己。缺乏自信心是即兴讲话的最大障碍。为此，要从以下三个方面做好清障工作。

1.积累知识，提高文化素养“知识就是力量”，只有用知识武装自己，讲起话来才能镇定自如，侃侃而谈。

2.大胆交往，学习他人

要大胆地与周围人、社会人、各阶层人接触，并主动地进行对话，从中汲取口才营养，学习讲话技巧。

3.自我调节，增强自信心理凡是有发言的机会，首先要调节好心理，要敢于说话，不要怕，不要躲躲闪闪，更不要说一些“我不会说，说得不好”等“丧气”话，越是这样，越不敢说话。这样容易给人留下哼哼唧唧，唯唯诺诺的印象。

The primary function of a speech is to have an impact on the audience.However,accomplishing that task when you may have no prepared topic selected and no speech prepared can be a challenge.Staying calm is the first thing you can do to get through the situation.The following are more tips to help you prepare to succeed in front of an audience.

Instructions

1　Decide on a topic or direction for the speech.If you have the ability to choose,select a topic that is current,motivational or entertaining.Gauge your audience to determine a topic of interest to them.Decide on the mood of the speech,whether humorous or serious.

2　Jot down an outline of the speech.Grab a piece of paper,a napkin or whatever is handy to write down the main points you want to hit in the speech.Write a few backup statements as well in case you forget your main points.Outlining is the key to staying focused and concise and to keep yourself from rambling or straying from the topic.

3　Think of examples.A few concrete examples can help make your topic more accessible to the crowd.Keep the style of the examples or stories natural and real.Take from your life and things you have experience to make you seem relatable to the listeners.

4　Take a time out.Find a moment to yourself before you go onstage.Regroup,take a breath and you will have the confidence to deliver the speech no matter how much time you had to prepare.Engage in positive self-talk by affirming

to yourself that you are a prepared and confident speaker on the topic.Walk on stage with enthusiasm and gusto to rally the audience.

5　Never apologize to the crowd.Avoid mentioning how little prepared you are or whose fault that may be.Making excuses will only hurt your credibility with the audience and it will make them more critical of your presentation.Keep the speech short to keep from losing the audience's attention.No one wants to sit through a long-winded boring speech!

6　Join Toastmasters.Find time to practice impromptu speaking by joining a Toastmasters group in your area or find more time to practice around your house.Practicing will help you to prepare more quickly in the future;give impromptu speeches regularly at work or school.

Activity 3:Group discussion.

1.How could you keep the style of the examples or stories natural and real according to the passages above?

2.Do you need to apologize to the crowd if you are little prepared?

4.如何在演讲时保持镇定

演讲台是令人生畏的地方。即使是经常做公开演讲者一旦站在麦克风前也会感到紧张。以下几点可以协助你下次站在演讲台上能够增强镇定与自信：

1.将脚站稳、身体打直

这会使你的姿势看起来有力，心情稳定。

2.不要死背

除非你的演说非常简短，否则若是你急切想要将你的演说内容一条条死背起来，只会让你的演说显得更加吃力。

3.找一个地方放好你的双手

将你的双手找一个地方放，例如，演讲桌的两侧，然后忘掉你的手。你的手会配合你的演说，自然地抬起来、舞动，然后又会自然地回到它们放置的地方。

练习、练习、再练习。尽可能在正式演说进行前，找一个与正式演讲厅类似的地方，反复演练。

Stage fright can strike any speaker,whether you are a seasoned presenter or giving a speech for the first time.The sweaty palms,dry mouth,trembling and forgetfulness can take over,making the time on stage terrifying.No matter how bad your nerves,though,you can reduce your anxiety and make it through the speech successfully.By taking steps to cut your stress before and during the speech,you can eliminate stage fright and turn in a confident performance.

Instructions

1　Know your material.Read about the topic,talk to people who are directly related to it and interview subject matter experts.Go out of your way to find out what other people are saying about it by finding newspaper,magazine and online articles.The more thoroughly you know the subject,the easier it will be to talk about it when you are under pressure.

2　Rehearse with a video camera or audio recorder during the early stages of speech writing.Record yourself giving the speech and listen for things that will be amplified during the actual event,like vocal tics or a tendency to speak too quickly.When you have practiced the speech a few times,give it in front of a small audience that represents the people who will be at your speech.Ask your boss,coworkers,family members or friends to listen and give you hints about how you can improve.

3　Bring water on stage with you to combat the anxiety caused by a dry throat.Carry out a bottle of water or ask the organizers to put out a pitcher and a glass.Choose a bottle or glass with a narrow mouth so the water will not spill if you are shaking.During the speech,take a drink when your mouth gets dry or if your nerves throw you off track;use the brief pause to collect your thoughts and take a deep breath before continuing on.

4　Relax by taking a deep breath just before you begin and then exhale through your nose.Refill slowly after taking a pause.This will expel carbon dioxide,let you start with afresh air in your system,and trigger relaxation.

Activity 4:Role-play.

Prepare for a short speech,and deliver it in front of your classmates.