信用保险，是指保险人对被保险人信用放款或信用售货，债务人拒绝履行合同或不能清偿债务时，所受到的经济损失承担赔偿责任的保险方式。主要有出口信用保险、抵押信用保险等形式。

5.3.3.1　信用保险基本概念

1.Compulsory insurance 强制保险

The Chinese government has released a guideline promoting a compulsory insurance pilot program in heavy industries and other enterprises posing high environmental risks.(Compulsory insurance to cover more high-risk industries/www.chinadaily.com.cn)

中国政府发布在重工业和其他高环境风险企业中推行强制保险试点的指导方针。

2.Cargo insurance 货物保险

In international cargo insurance, the insured must be interested in the subject matter insured at the time of loss though he need not be interested when the insurance is effected.( edu.sina.com.cn)

在国际货物保险中，被保险人在损失发生时必须对保险标的有利益关系，在保险生效时可以没有利害关系。

3.Ceding insurance company 再保险分出人

The ceding insurance company shall not decline or delay fulfilling its obligation of the direct insurance on the basis that the reinsurer fails to fulfill the reinsurance obligation.

再保险分出人不得以再保险人未履行再保险责任为由，拒绝履行或者迟延履行其原保险责任。

4.Deposit premium 存款保险(www.daowen.com)

Deposit premiums are unique from regular insurance premiums, as they are refundable should if either the insured or the insurer chooses to terminate the perpetual insurance.（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposit_insurance）

存款保险费与一般保险费的不同之处在于：如果被保险人或保险人选择终止保险，保险费应予退还。

5.3.3.2　信用保险实务

1.Interest rate insurance 利率保险

Monetary Policy Committee member Professor David Miles first highlighted interest rate insurance in the Miles Review in 2004 commissioned by Gordon Brown.Professor Miles suggested that it would provide greater security in housing finance.

货币政策委员会成员戴维 • 迈尔斯教授在2004年戈登 • 布朗委托的《迈尔斯评论》中首次强调了利率保险，并表示这将为住房融资提供更大的保障。

2.Solvency 偿付能力

Solvency is essential to staying in business as it asserts a company’s ability to continue operations into the foreseeable future.While a company also needs liquidity to thrive, liquidity should not be confused with solvency.A company that is insolvent must often enter bankruptcy.（https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/solvency.asp）

3.Reinsurance 再保险

Traditional reinsurance operates efficiently in managing relatively small, uncorrelated risks and in facilitating efficient information sharing between cedants and reinsurers.(Journal of Risk and Insurance/August 2009/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01319.x)

传统再保险在管理较小的不相关风险和促进再保险分出人和再保险人之间信息共享较为有效。