理论教育 WTO规则体系:从货物贸易到知识产权、投资和非货物贸易领域的全面管辖

WTO规则体系:从货物贸易到知识产权、投资和非货物贸易领域的全面管辖

时间:2023-05-28 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:附件2:关于争端解决规则和程序的谅解。与关贸总协定相比,WTO管辖范围除传统的和“乌拉圭回合”新确定的货物贸易外,还包括长期游离于关贸总协定外的知识产权、投资措施和非货物贸易等领域。WTO法律文件体系是从事全球贸易的各成员方政府和企业的行为规则。WTO各项协议的核心内容、各协议之间的关系以及适用条件是国际贸易法律的重要内容。

WTO规则体系:从货物贸易到知识产权、投资和非货物贸易领域的全面管辖

《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协议》由16个条款和4个附件组成,涉及世界贸易组织建立、组织职能、组织程序、日常管理以及与其他国际组织的关系等。

附件1分为A、B、C三个部分,具体内容如下:

1A:《1994年关税与贸易总协定》;《农产品协议》;《实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议》;《纺织品服装协议》;《技术性贸易壁垒协议》;《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》;《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第6条的协议》(即《反倾销措施协议》);《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第7条的协议》(即《海关估价协议》);《装船前检验协议》;《原产地规则协议》;《进口许可程序协议》;《补贴与反补贴措施协议》;《保障措施协议》。

1B:《服务贸易总协定》。

1C:《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》。

附件2:关于争端解决规则和程序的谅解。

附件3:贸易政策评审机制。

附件4:诸边贸易协议:《民用航空器贸易协议》、《政府采购协议》、《国际奶制品协议》、《国际牛肉协议》。

关贸总协定相比,WTO管辖范围除传统的和“乌拉圭回合”新确定的货物贸易外,还包括长期游离于关贸总协定外的知识产权、投资措施和非货物贸易(服务贸易)等领域

WTO法律文件体系是从事全球贸易的各成员方政府和企业的行为规则。WTO各项协议的核心内容、各协议之间的关系以及适用条件是国际贸易法律的重要内容。

课外阅读资料

一、CISG适用范围的规定

Article 1:(1)This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:

(a)when the States are Contracting States; or

(b)when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.

(2)The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between,or from information disclosed by,the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.

(3)Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.

Article 2:This Convention does not apply to sales:

(a)of goods bought for personal,family or household use,unless the seller,at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract,neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;

(b)by auction;

(c)on execution or otherwise by authority of law;(www.daowen.com)

(d)of stocks,shares,investment securities,negotiable instruments or money;

(e)of ships,vessels,hovercraft or aircraft;

(f)of electricity.

Article 3:(1)Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production.

(2)This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.

Article 4:This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract. In particular,except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention,it is not concerned with:

(a)the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage;

(b)the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold.

Article 5:This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injurycaused by the goods to any person.

二、CISG关于要约的规定

Article 14: (1)A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.

(2)A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers,unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.

Article 15:(1)An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.

(2)An offer,even if it is irrevocable,may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.

Article 16:(1)Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.

(2)However,an offer cannot be revoked:

(a)if it indicates,whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise,that it is irrevocable;

(b)if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.

Article 17:An offer,even if it is irrevocable,is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror.

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