信用证中多长句,这也是信用证作为法律文体的一种特点。长句中从句修饰成分较多,结构较复杂,大多是复合句,并很少使用标点符号。这种一气呵成,结构复杂的长句使信用证文体显得庄重严谨,以免双方产生误解和纠纷。在翻译时,必须正确理解句子主干与它的修饰成分,不能把连贯的意思拆开来译,否则会造成错误的理解。如:
We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of the drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit that such drafts shall be duly honored on due presentation and delivery of documents as herein specified.
凡根据本信用证并按其所列条款而开具的汇票向我行提示并交出本证规定的单据者,我行同意对其出票人、背书人及善意持有人履行付款义务。
这是开证行在自由议付信用证中加列的保证文句。该句agree with…of…中,drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders 是并列成分,为agree with的宾语;而drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit为of的宾语。然后要分析清楚that such drafts…是agree的宾语从句,表述开证行履行付款义务的条件。
1.省略系动词和助动词“be”
(1)省略系动词be
例1:
a.Signed Commercial Invoice in three fold
b.Marine Insurance Policy in duplicate
c.Packing List in five fold
装箱单一式五份
例2:
a.Latest date of shipment 080523
最迟装运期为2008年5月23日
b.Latest date of shipment:FEB 28, 2008
最迟装运期是2008年2月28日
c.Shipment from Dalian to Hamburg
从大连运往汉堡或装运港是大连,目的港是汉堡
在对这些省略系动词的句子进行汉译时,首先要做到意义准确无误,然后考虑汉语行文的需要。如果需要的话,可以加上“是”“为”,使行文更符合汉语习惯(见例2的汉译);如果没有必要,则可不译(见例1的汉译)。
(2)省略助动词be
例3:
a.Each document to be dated not later than B/L date.
所有单据的出单日期应不晚于提单日期。
b.Documents to be presented 15 days after the date of shipment.
单据需在装运日后15天内交银行。
c.All shipping documents to be sent direct to the opening office by registered airmail in two lots.
所有装运单据应以航空挂号信的形式分两次直接寄至开证行。
d.Insurance to be effected by buyer.
保险由买方办理。
例4:
e.Invoice to show H.S.Code of Commodity Number of the Merchandise.
发票需显示商品的海关税则号。
f.If Shipment in Container, Bill of Lading to evidence Container Number and Seal Number.
如果货物采用集装箱装运,提单应显示集装箱号和铅封号。
例5:
g.Partial shipment allowed.
分批装运允许
Transshipment prohibited.
转船不允许
h.Partial shipments:allowed.
分批装运允许
Transshipment:not allowed.
转船不允许
例3和例4中的几个条款都是信用证中有关单据要求的实例,都省略了助动词“be”。例3采用的是“be to be done”(表示将来)的结构。其中a句规定了单据的出单日期,b句规定了向银行交单的期限,c句规定了向开证行寄单的办法,d句则规定了保险由买方办理,暗含的意思是保险单由买方出具,卖方无须办理。例4采用的是“be to do”的结构,省略了助动词“be”。其中e句规定了发票上需要额外显示的信息,属于信用证中的特殊要求,要照办。所有句子都省略了助动词be,句式虽然简洁,但不会引起任何歧义。
在对这些省略助动词的句子进行翻译时,准确容易做到,主要需考虑汉语行文的要求,做到规范、通顺、易懂。句中省略的“be”不必译出,而其后的to do 和to be done的翻译则可以同汉语的“应”“须”“由”这一类词相对应。例5属于被动语态省去助动词be,主要用在运输条款中。有关可否分批和转船的规定无非是“允许”“不允许”和“禁止”三种情形。无论哪种情形,都习惯上省略助动词“be”,言简意赅,清楚明了,翻译时可采用直译的方法。
2.状语从句在L/C中的使用
在信用证中,需要阐明权利和义务时,必须要明确指出在什么情况下,什么时间和地点,以何种方式进行什么行动,因而会使用较多的时间、地点、方式和条件等状语。信用证中用来引导条件句的词语主要有:if, only if, in case of, provided, providing that等。
英语中各种状语的位置非常的灵活,可以位于句首,句末或句中。而汉语中则通常将表示假设的条件状语从句放在句首。一般情况下,在翻译信用证中的这类句子时,可以首先考虑将状语的位置移到句首,从而使句子的核心部分突出,而且使其结构简化。如:
1)Transshipment is allowed on condition that the entire voyage be covered by B/L.
只有在整个运输途中都出示提货单的情况下才允许转船运输。
2)This L/C will be duly honored only if the seller submits whole set of documents that all terms and requirements under L/C NO.45673 have been complied with.(www.daowen.com)
只有出口人提供与信用证45673号项下相符的全套单据,本行才予以承付。
3)Unless a nominated bank is the confirming bank, the authorization to honor or negotiate does not impose any obligation on that nominated bank to honor or negotiate, except when expressly agreed to by that nominated bank and communicated to the beneficiary.
除非一家被指定银行是保兑行,对被指定银行进行兑付或议付的授权并不构成其必须兑付或议付的义务,被指定银行明确同意并照此通知受益人的情形除外。
4)If the bill of lading contains the indication “intended vessel” or similar qualification in relation to the name of the vessel, an on board notation indicating the date of shipment and the name of the actual vessel is required.
如果提单包含“预期船”字样或类似有关限定船只的词语时,装上具名船只必须由注明装运日期以及实际装运船只名称的装船批注来证实。
5)A transport document indicating that transshipment will or may take place is acceptable, even if the credit prohibits transshipment.
即使信用证禁止转运,银行也将接受注明转运将发生或可能发生的运输单据。
3.长短句并列使用
信用证出于对篇幅和格式的需要,有时往往限制字数,尽量避免长句的使用。而限制长句使用的办法之一就是使用简单介词来缩短句子结构。例如:
1)…Available with any bank by negotiation against the documents detailed herein and of your drafts at sight drawn on Bank of China.
凭本信用证所列单据和开给中国银行的即期汇票可以在任何一家银行议付。
此句用了六个介词,包含以下几层意思:
a.本信用证的议付地点(with)——any bank(任何一家银行)
b.本信用证的支付方式(by)——negotiation(议付)
c.本信用证的付款条件(against, of)——documents and drafts(凭单据和汇票)
d.本信用证的汇票期限(at)——sight(即期)
e.本信用证的付款人(on)——Bank of China(中国银行)
事物都有两面性,但有时为了使表达更加清楚严密,信用证中也会出现比较长的句子。
2)If a credit states that charges are for the account of the beneficiary and charges cannot be collected or deducted from proceeds, the issuing bank remains liable for payment of charges.
如果信用证规定费用由受益人负担,而该费用未能收取或从信用证款项中扣除,开证行依然承担支付此费用的责任。
3)We hereby engage with the drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of the credit that such drafts shall be duly honored on due presentation and delivery of documents as specified if drawn and negotiated within the validity date of this credit.
凡根据本信用证开具与本信用证条款相符的汇票,并能按时提交本证规定的单据,我行保证对出票人、背书人和善意持有人承担付款责任,需在本证有效期内开具汇票并议付。
4)In reimbursement draw sight drafts in Pounds Sterling on Halifox Bank and forward them to our London Office, accompanied by your certificate that all terms of this letter of credit have been complied with.
偿付办法:由你方开出英镑即期汇票向哈里发银行支取。在寄送汇票给我伦敦办事处时,应随附你行证明,声明本证的全部条款已经履行。
4.分词短语作定语
大多出现在信用证中对单据的一般要求和特殊要求中。一般要求直接出现在所需单据(documents required)项下,而特殊要求则出现在特殊条款(additional conditions)项下。例如:
1)4 Signed invoices in the name of applicant certifying merchandise to be of China origin.
4份经签署的商业发票,以申请人为抬头,证明货物系中国原产。
2)Copy of beneficiaries’ telex to buyer quoting L/C number mentioning details of shipment.
受益人的电传副本一份,显示信用证号码,注明装运细节。
3)Beneficiaries’ certificate certifying that one set of N/N shipping documents has been sent to buyer immediately after shipment has been made.
受益人证明一份,证明一套副本装运单据已经在装运后立即寄出。
4)Marine insurance policy in triplicate endorsed in blank with claim payable in Japan in the currency of the draft covering 110 percent of the invoice value including institute war clauses institute cargo clauses(all risks)institute SRCC clauses.
海运保险单一式三份,空白背书,按汇票的币别在日本进行索赔,按发票金额的110%投保,包括协会战争险,协会货物一切险和协会罢工暴动民变险。
5)Full set of clean “shipped on board” ocean bill of lading drawn to the order of Commercial Bank Zurich, showing beneficiary as shipper marked notify applicant and us bearing our L/C No.showing freight Prepaid.Name, address and telephone numbers of shipping agent must also appear on bill of lading.
全套清洁已装船海运提单,凭苏黎世商业银行指示,显示受益人为发货人,注明申请人和我行为被通知人,显示信用证号码,运费预付,以及船代理的名称、地址和电话号码。
5.被动语态的使用
信用证要求突出动作的对象,而忽视动作的完成者,也就是说信用证的文体因素和语言环境要求强调客观事实,因而动词被动语态的出现率较高。例如:
1)You are requested to advise the credit to the beneficiary without adding your confirmation.
请贵方将此证通知受益人,而无须对该信用证加具保兑。
2)The number and the date of the credit and the name of our bank must be quoted on all drafts required.
请在所有汇票上注明该信用证号码、开证日期和我行名称。
3)All documents must be forwarded to us in one lot by special service courier.
请将所有单据以特快专递一次寄至我方。
在对信用证中这类含有被动语态的句子进行汉译时,不宜使用汉语的“被”字句,因为这样会使汉语的行文不够流畅,如果上面的句子译成“你被要求将信用证……”和“……被注明在所有汇票上”和“所有单据需……被寄至我行”,译文欠通顺。正确的翻译方法是在汉语译文中不使用“被”字,而使用汉语的主动语态的形式。因为都是提出要求希望对方执行的句子,所以按照汉语的礼貌习惯,在所提的要求前加上“请”字,如“请通知”“请注明”和“请寄至”使语气大大缓和,有利于和谐贸易关系的建立和任务的执行,从而促进国际贸易的开展。
再举几个例子:
4)Drafts and documents are to be couriered in one lot to Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.
汇票和单据请一次寄单至中国银行上海分行。
5)Packing list in one original and 5 copies, all of which must manually signed.
装箱单为一份正本、五份副本,每份都必须手签。
6)All banking charges outside Japan are for account of beneficiary.
在日本境外发生的所有银行费用均由受益人负担。
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