本章针对当前知识密集型众包所面对的困难,基于协调理论,从知识密集型众包任务间flow、fit和share三种依赖关系入手,引入对分解过程进行定量评估的任务粒度、耦合度概念,建立了新的知识密集型众包的任务分解模型。为了验证此模型的有效性,引入“众包解决数学新型应用题”的场景模拟知识密集型众包的工作环境。在对420名接包人开展众包实验后,发现使用本研究分解模型可以对知识密集型任务进行分解,并且在保证任务完成的情况下,可以让众包成本更低,众包成本的分布更稳定,有利于众包成本的控制。根据我们通过成本反映业务流程柔性的观测方法,通过改变任务结构、控制结构复杂度可以使众包业务流程的柔性增加。此模型的研究拓宽了任务分解的开展思路,为从静态角度开展知识密集型众包的任务分解奠定了理论基础。

本研究针对当前知识密集型众包的任务分解模型存在的缺陷,从复杂任务内部关系入手,提出了可以有效降低任务分解成本的知识密集型众包的任务分解模型。从严谨性角度看,本研究仍存在以下不足:

①本研究仅通过“众包数学新型应用题”的案例对模型进行验证,类型单一,研究结果的普遍性有待进一步验证。

②本研究简化了众包情境,忽略了众包任务完成率对众包成本的影响。未来的研究中可以将众包任务完成率作为变量引入实验假设。

③本研究的众包实验通过召集志愿者的方式进行,未放置在一个真正商用的众包平台上。而在实际工作中,接包人的接包动机和意愿可能会对众包任务完成的结果产生一定影响。

本研究的后续工作可以考虑从以下两方面进行:积极寻求对不同类型、数量更多的案例开展众包实验,从而验证此模型的普遍性;此研究仅从静态的角度研究任务分解模型,未来可以借鉴工作流分解方式的优点,把工作流与任务间关系的协调相结合,进行基于任务分配的任务分解研究。

【注释】

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