货物在出口装运之后,出口商应该按照合同或信用证的要求(目前绝大多数出口业务是通过信用证方式结算的),正确缮制各种单证,并在信用证规定的有效期之内,送交银行议付和结汇,从而完成出口任务。银行收到单据并审核无误后,一方面向国外银行收款,另一方面按照银、贸之间事先约定的结汇办法,向外贸公司(出口商)付款。
所谓结汇单证是指在国际贸易结算中,为解决货币收付问题所使用的各种单据及证明。目前,我国出口业务大多采用跟单信用证支付方式,因此本章主要介绍跟单信用证业务中受益人,即出口商需向银行提交的常见单证。
1.一般而言,结汇单证大致可分为以下几类:
(1)表明货物已经按照合同或信用证的要求售于买方的单证:如商业发票、装箱单;
(2)表明货物已经发运的单证:如提单、装船通知等;
(4)商检单证:如质量/重量/数量证明书,卫生检验证书,价值证明书,产地证,消毒证书,熏蒸证明等;
(5)受益人证明/申明等。
2.如果银行开立的信用证中对单证作出了如下规定:
This credit is available with any bank in China by negotiation of beneficiary’s draft at sight drawn on us for full invoice value of goods accompanied by the following documents:
(1)Manually signed commercial Invoice in triplicate indicating L/C No. and Contract No.
(2)Packing/Weight List in triplicate indicating Quantity/Gross and Net weights of each package and packing condition as called for by the L/C.
(3)G.S.P. Certificate of Origin Form A in duplicate stating that the goods are of Chinese origin.
(4)Full set of clean on board ocean bills of lading made out to order and blank endorsed, marked “Freight prepaid” notifying applicant add. R. 221, Jinyuan Road 12,Shantou S. E. Z.
TEL: 867548611499/8231548, FAX: 86754-8602180(www.daowen.com)
(5)Insurance Policy in 3 copies covering all risks and war risk for 110% invoice value subject to the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the P.I.C.C.(1/1/1981).
(6)Inspection Certificate of Quality in 3 copies issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.
(7)Beneficiary’s Certificate stating that one set of N.N. shipping documents and copy form A have been sent to the applicant by EMS within 48 hours after shipment.
(8)Copy of shipping advice Fax to applicant within two working days after shipment indicating date of departure, shipping marks, numbers of L/C, B/L, contract and order as well as number of cartons together with the total gross weight and goods value.
3.那么,出口商完成货物托运后,需要缮制的单证包括:
(1)三份已签字的,并注明信用证和合同号码的商业发票。
(2)三份装箱单或重量单,注明信用证上规定的每种/件包装的数量,毛重和净重。
(3)两份表明货物是原产于中国的普惠制产地证格式A证书。
(4)全套已装船、清洁、空白抬头、空白背书的凭指示提单,并注明“运费已付”。通知给开证申请人,地址为:“R. 221, Jinyuan Road 12, Shantou S. E. Z. TEL:867548611499/8231548, FAX: 86754-8602180”。
(5)三份由中国人民保险公司出具的保险单,保险金额为发票金额的110%,投保一切险和战争险。
(6)三份由中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫签发的品质检验证书。
(7)一份表明在货物装船后48小时内已将一套不可议付的单据和“Form A 证书”复印件通过EMS方式寄送给开证申请人的受益人证明。
(8)装船通知的传真副本。装船通知必须在货物装船后两个工作日内传真给开证申请人,其内容包括:船只开航日期,唛头,信用证号码,提单号码,合同号码,订单号码,包装纸箱的编号以及货物的总毛重和货物价值。
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