蔷薇科栒子属
平枝栒子
别名:铺地蜈蚣、小叶栒子、矮红子
学名:Cotoneaster horizontalis Dcne.
注:Cotoneaster:栒子属植物
horizontalis:水平的,与地面平行的
形态特征
落叶或半常绿匐匍灌木,株高不足100cm。枝条水平开张成整齐两列,呈人字形生长,节位不生根。叶近圆形至倒卵形,厚革质,全缘,表面暗绿色,有光泽,人秋后逐渐变为红色。花小,无柄,粉红色,单生或2朵并生,近无梗。果实近球形,鲜红色。花期5~6月,果期9~10月。
地理分布
中国特产。原产于我国的四川、云南、贵州、湖南、湖北和秦岭一带。
生态习性
喜光耐半阴,较耐寒,亦较耐干旱。对土壤要求不严。
繁殖方式
扦插及播种繁殖为主,也可秋季压条、分株。
观赏价值
平枝栒子枝叶横展,叶小而稠密,花密集枝头,晚秋时叶色红色,远看似一团火球;红果累累,终冬不落,雪天观赏,别有情趣。和假山叠石相伴,在草坪旁、溪水畔点缀,相互映衬,景观绮丽。是布置岩石园、庭院、绿地和墙沿、角隅的优良材料。也可用作绿篱,制作盆景。(www.daowen.com)
文化生活
平枝栒子的主要观赏价值是深秋的红叶。在深秋时节,平枝栒子的叶子变红,分外绚丽。因平枝栒子较低矮,远远看去,好似一团火球,很是鲜艳。在每年的深秋,在植物园里经常有摄影家被它鲜艳的红叶吸引住,成为意外发现,对它拍照。平枝栒子的花和果实也有观赏价值。其花因开放在初夏,它的粉红花朵在群绿中却默默开放。粉花和绿叶相衬,分外绚丽。平枝栒子的果实为小红球状,终冬不落,雪天观赏,别有情趣。其实平枝栒子是一种很好的园林植物,特别是在园林中,和假山叠石相伴,在草坪旁、溪水畔点缀,相互映衬,景观绮丽。平枝栒子的小枝平行是一层一层的,故树形也很美。
英文描述
Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, procumbent, usually to 50 cm tall, sometimes taller, with horizontally spreading, distichously much branched stems. Branchlets blackish brown, terete, initially strigose, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–3 mm, pubescent; stipules caducous, brown, subulate or lanceolate, 2–4 mm, puberulous; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly elliptic, rarely obovate, 6–14 × 4–9 mm, midvein raised abaxially and ± impressed adaxially, abaxially sparsely accumbent pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex usually acute. Inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered. Pedicel short to nearly absent. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–2 mm, apex acute. Petals erect, pink, reddish, or whitish, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 12, shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles (2 or)3, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red, subglobose or ellipsoid, (3–)5–7 mm in diam., pyrenes 3, rarely 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
Thickets, rocks, rocky slopes, dry mountain areas; 1500--3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Nepal].
Plants with somewhat larger leaves, clearly and very strikingly variegated with white, have been described as Cotoneaster horizontalis var. variegatus Osborn (Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 72: 351. 1922). They are grown as ornamentals, particularly in rock gardens.
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